{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T21:43:21Z","timestamp":1791495801679,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Impaired bone regeneration and wound healing represent a major clinical and socioeconomic challenge for our aging and multimorbid population. Fracture and wound healing share many common features, with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-\u03b2) being a key regulator of inflammation, angiogenesis, fibroblast activation, and matrix remodeling. The dysregulation of TGF-\u03b2 signaling is a hallmark of chronic wounds, excessive scar formation, and fracture non-union. Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) plays a crucial role in the activation of latent TGF-\u03b2. As a protein of the extracellular matrix, ECM1 offers ideal conditions for the biofunctionalization of bone implants or wound patches. Its mode of action has been studied mainly in fibrosis models of the liver or heart, where TGF-\u03b2 acts as a driver of the disease. The controlled knock-out or overexpression of ECM1 either promoted or improved fibrosis development. In this review, we discuss how these findings can be applied to the biofunctionalization of implants to support bone and wound healing, considering the impact of TGF-\u03b2 on the different healing phases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb16100385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T13:41:29Z","timestamp":1760449289000},"page":"385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Opportunities and Risks of Promoting Skin and Bone Healing via Implant Biofunctionalization of Extracellular Matrix Protein ECM1"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8575-3824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niklas R.","family":"Braun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik T\u00fcbingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of T\u00fcbingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6666-6791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas K.","family":"N\u00fcssler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik T\u00fcbingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of T\u00fcbingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4347-1702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Ehnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik T\u00fcbingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of T\u00fcbingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2006.04.130","article-title":"Epidemiology of adult fractures: A review","volume":"37","author":"Caesar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104294","article-title":"Development of a dynamic fall risk profile in elderly nursing home residents: A free field gait analysis based study","volume":"93","author":"Unger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. 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