{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:56:28Z","timestamp":1790830588461,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004705","name":"King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology Thonburi","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FRB680074\/0164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRB680074\/0164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004705","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004704","name":"National Research Council of Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP)scaffolds comprising hydroxyapatite (HA) and \u03b2-tricalcium phosphate (\u03b2-TCP) were produced from ultra-pure precursors and processed under an \u03b1-TCP\u2013avoiding schedule (1100 \u00b0C, 2 h). Quantitative X-ray diffraction (Rietveld\/Profex) detected no \u03b1-TCP above the ~1 wt% limit of detection and quantified post-sintering phase fractions (wt% HA\/\u03b2-TCP): 99.26\/0.74, 68.51\/31.49, and 27.57\/72.43. Across compositions, SEM\/ImageJ yielded similar mean macropore sizes (\u224871\u201380 \u00b5m), while open porosity increased with the HA fraction (27.5 \u00b1 1.8%, 39.1 \u00b1 2.0%, 57.1 \u00b1 2.4%). Compressive strength decreased accordingly (1.07 \u00b1 0.25, 0.24 \u00b1 0.01, 0.05 \u00b1 0.02 MPa), consistent with non-load-bearing use. In ISO-compliant simulated body fluid (28 d), medium pH remained stable (7.33\u20137.43); mass loss and early Ca2+ depletion increased with \u03b2-TCP content, consistent with more extensive surface apatite formation in \u03b2-TCP-rich scaffolds. Collectively, these data are consistent with a composition-dependent sequence\u2014\u03b2-TCP content \u2192 densification\/porosity \u2192 strength \u2192 degradation\/apatite kinetics\u2014within the tested conditions and inform parameter-based tuning of BCP scaffolds for non-load-bearing indications (e.g., alveolar ridge preservation, craniofacial void filling).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb16110407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T16:18:42Z","timestamp":1762186722000},"page":"407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Phase-Pure Hydroxyapatite\/\u03b2-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds from Ultra-Pure Precursors: Composition Governs Porosity, Strength, and SBF Kinetics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Panuwat","family":"Monviset","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10140, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7999-8384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kasama","family":"Srirussamee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok 10520, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8460-6645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anak","family":"Khantachawana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10140, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9998-6700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parichart","family":"Naruphontjirakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10140, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001420","article-title":"Autograft, Allograft, and Bone Graft Substitutes: Clinical Evidence and Indications for Use in the Setting of Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery","volume":"33","author":"Baldwin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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