{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T23:35:27Z","timestamp":1789256127877,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Provisional restorations are essential in fixed prosthodontics, ensuring esthetics, function, and biological protection during treatment. Recent advances in CAD\/CAM technologies have enabled the fabrication of provisional materials with enhanced color stability and fracture resistance compared to conventional chairside polymeric materials. This study aimed to compare the color stability and fracture strength of provisional crowns fabricated using CAD\/CAM and a conventional direct chairside technique. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 provisional crowns (four materials, n = 10 each group) were fabricated for a mandibular molar 3.6 using two workflows: CAD\/CAM-milled poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), high-impact polymer composite (HIPC; Bredent), and Ambarino composite (Creamet), and directly fabricated 3M\u2122 Protemp\u2122 (Scutan technique), respectively. Color stability was evaluated after seven-day immersion in coffee and red wine at 37 \u00b0C using a spectrophotometer (CIE L*a*b* system). Fracture resistance (Fmax) was measured under axial load in a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey\u2019s HSD (\u03b1 = 0.05). Results: Significant differences were observed among materials (F(3,36) = 212.6, p &lt; 0.001). HIPC showed the highest mean fracture resistance (2068.9 \u00b1 104.0 N), followed by PMMA (1215.8 \u00b1 61.4 N) and 3M\u2122 Protemp\u2122 (1183.4 \u00b1 86.4 N), while Ambarino exhibited the lowest (555.4 \u00b1 25.4 N). Regarding color stability, Ambarino demonstrated the smallest \u0394E* (1.1 \u00b1 0.2), followed by PMMA (2.0 \u00b1 0.3), HIPC (2.8 \u00b1 0.3), and Protemp\u2122 (4.9 \u00b1 0.4). Only Protemp\u2122 exceeded the clinical perceptibility threshold (\u0394E* &gt; 3.3). Conclusions: Both manufacturing methods and material compositions significantly influence the optical and mechanical properties of provisional restorations. CAD\/CAM-milled HIPC and PMMA provided superior fracture strength and clinically acceptable color stability, suggesting their suitability for long-term or high-load temporary crowns compared with chairside-fabricated composites, particularly in posterior regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb16110426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T13:25:27Z","timestamp":1763645127000},"page":"426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of Color Stability and Fracture Resistance of CAD\/CAM and Chairside Provisional Restorations: An In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Florina","family":"Titihazan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prostheses Technology and Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Research Center in Dental Medicine Using Conventional and Alternative Technologies, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 9 Revolutiei 1989 Ave, 300070 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Doctoral School, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4837-2693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana","family":"Veja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, \u201cVasile Goldi\u0219\u201d Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2424-6924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Zaharia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prostheses Technology and Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Research Center in Dental Medicine Using Conventional and Alternative Technologies, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 9 Revolutiei 1989 Ave, 300070 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7500-7181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tareq","family":"Hajaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prostheses Technology and Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Research Center in Dental Medicine Using Conventional and Alternative Technologies, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 9 Revolutiei 1989 Ave, 300070 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5651-7215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cosmin","family":"Sinescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prostheses Technology and Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Research Center in Dental Medicine Using Conventional and Alternative Technologies, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 9 Revolutiei 1989 Ave, 300070 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2580-2432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George Dumitru","family":"Constantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Discipline of Clinical Skills, Department I Nursing, Victor Babe\u0219 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Research in Cardiovascular Pathology and Hemostaseology, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1199-3020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihai","family":"Rominu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prostheses Technology and Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Research Center in Dental Medicine Using Conventional and Alternative Technologies, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 9 Revolutiei 1989 Ave, 300070 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-849X.1994.tb00162.x","article-title":"The prosthodontic management of endodontically treated teeth: A literature review. 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