{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:51:28Z","timestamp":1787028688908,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2283\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2283\/20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Israel Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["7296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7296"]}]},{"name":"Technion Additive Manufacturing Center"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic diabetic wounds are often characterized by persistent hypoxia and poor healing outcomes, highlighting the need for regenerative grafts that not only promote tissue repair but also provide insights into the wound microenvironment. In this study, we introduce a novel strategy for diabetic ulcer treatment through the development of a structurally personalized skin graft. The graft is fabricated via 3D bioprinting of natural porcine skin extracellular matrix (psECM) and integrated with microsensors for oxygen monitoring. We established a porcine skin decellularization protocol that efficiently removed cellular components, while preserving the integrity of the ECM, as verified by DNA quantification and scanning electron microscopy. The resulting psECM bioink demonstrated rheological properties suitable for 3D printing, which depended on psECM concentration and exhibited temperature-responsive gelation behavior. Incorporation of LiNC-BuO oxygen microsensors into the bioink enabled real-time, non-invasive oxygen level monitoring within the printed constructs. Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed the cytocompatibility and low immunogenicity of the psECM-based grafts with embedded microsensors. Moreover, the 3D bioprinting technology enabled the manufacturing of grafts tailored to match individual wound geometries. The technological proof of concept presented herein for this multifunctional platform, which integrates the regenerative benefits of ECM scaffolds with advanced biosensing capabilities, represents a promising approach for enhancing future therapeutic outcomes in the management of diabetic ulcers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb17010028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T09:56:23Z","timestamp":1767347783000},"page":"28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["3D Printing of Oxygen-Sensing ECM-Based Skin Graft for Personalized Treatment of Chronic Wounds\u2014A Technological Proof of Concept"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5169-3468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yehonatan","family":"Zur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Laboratory for Cancer Drug Delivery & Cell Based Technologies, Faculty of Biotechnology & Food Engineering, Technion\u2014Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9136-0699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rotem","family":"Hayam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Laboratory for Cancer Drug Delivery & Cell Based Technologies, Faculty of Biotechnology & Food Engineering, Technion\u2014Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nir","family":"Almog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion\u2014Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inna","family":"Kovrigina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Laboratory for Cancer Drug Delivery & Cell Based Technologies, Faculty of Biotechnology & Food Engineering, Technion\u2014Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Limor","family":"Baruch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Laboratory for Cancer Drug Delivery & Cell Based Technologies, Faculty of Biotechnology & Food Engineering, Technion\u2014Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4056-8103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aharon","family":"Blank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion\u2014Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5896-963X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelle","family":"Machluf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Laboratory for Cancer Drug Delivery & Cell Based Technologies, Faculty of Biotechnology & Food Engineering, Technion\u2014Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13169-8","article-title":"Diabetic Foot Ulcers","volume":"361","author":"Jeffcoate","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1615439","article-title":"Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Their Recurrence","volume":"376","author":"Armstrong","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-012-0004-9","article-title":"Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers","volume":"3","author":"Alexiadou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i1.37","article-title":"Literature Review on the Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcer","volume":"6","author":"Yazdanpanah","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00377-3","article-title":"Chronic Wounds","volume":"8","author":"Falanga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burgess, J.L., Wyant, W.A., Abujamra, B.A., Kirsner, R.S., and Jozic, I. (2021). Diabetic Wound-Healing Science. Medicina, 57.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57101072"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01773.x","article-title":"The Molecular Biology of Chronic Wounds and Delayed Healing in Diabetes","volume":"23","author":"Blakytny","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-017-0478-y","article-title":"Chronic Wound Healing: A Review of Current Management and Treatments","volume":"34","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12356","article-title":"Evaluation of the Clinimetrics of Transcutaneous Oxygen Measurement and Its Application in Wound Care","volume":"12","author":"Yip","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Wound J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.1.147","article-title":"Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension and Toe Blood Pressure as Predictors for Outcome of Diabetic Foot Ulcers","volume":"22","author":"Kalani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vecin, N.M., and Kirsner, R.S. (2023). Skin Substitutes as Treatment for Chronic Wounds: Current and Future Directions. Front. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1154567"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s10353-022-00757-9","article-title":"Skin Regeneration, Repair, and Reconstruction: Present and Future","volume":"54","author":"Kamolz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Surg."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barsch, F., Mamilos, A., Schmitt, V.H., Babel, M., Winter, L., Wagner, W., Winther, H., Ottomann, C., Niedermair, T., and Schreml, S. (2022). In Vivo Comparison of Synthetic Macroporous Filamentous and Sponge-like Skin Substitute Matrices Reveals Morphometric Features of the Foreign Body Reaction According to 3D Biomaterial Designs. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11182834"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, Y.H., Shim, H.S., Lee, J., and Kim, S.W. (2022). A Prospective Randomized Controlled Multicenter Clinical Trial Comparing Paste-Type Acellular Dermal Matrix to Standard Care for the Treatment of Chronic Wounds. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11082203"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1731463","article-title":"Comparison of Skin Substitutes for Acute and Chronic Wound Management","volume":"35","author":"Bay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-019-02408-9","article-title":"Extracellular Matrix-Based Biomaterials and Their Influence Upon Cell Behavior","volume":"48","author":"Cramer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041731414557112","DOI":"10.1177\/2041731414557112","article-title":"The Extracellular Matrix: Structure, Composition, Age-Related Differences, Tools for Analysis and Applications for Tissue Engineering","volume":"5","author":"Kular","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6850","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15776","article-title":"A Guide to the Composition and Functions of the Extracellular Matrix","volume":"288","author":"Karamanos","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.006064","article-title":"Extracellular Matrix Dynamics in Development and Regenerative Medicine","volume":"121","author":"Daley","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4195","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.023820","article-title":"The Extracellular Matrix at a Glance","volume":"123","author":"Frantz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900386","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201900386","article-title":"Processed Tissue\u2013Derived Extracellular Matrices: Tailored Platforms Empowering Diverse Therapeutic Applications","volume":"30","author":"Krishtul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"144","article-title":"3D Bioprinting for Biomedical Devices and Tissue Engineering: A Review of Recent Trends and Advances","volume":"3","author":"Derakhshanfar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossi, A., Pescara, T., Gambelli, A.M., Gaggia, F., Asthana, A., Perrier, Q., Basta, G., Moretti, M., Senin, N., and Rossi, F. (2024). Biomaterials for Extrusion-Based Bioprinting and Biomedical Applications. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1393641"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1039\/C7BM00765E","article-title":"Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting: An Overview","volume":"6","author":"Inci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10608","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.9b00808","article-title":"Decellularized Extracellular Matrix-Based Bioinks for Engineering Tissue- And Organ-Specific Microenvironments","volume":"120","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dzobo, K., Motaung, K.S.C.M., and Adesida, A. (2019). Recent Trends in Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Bioinks for 3D Printing: An Updated Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201908.0222.v1"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmr.2009.12.011","article-title":"ESR Micro-Imaging of LiNc-BuO Crystals in PDMS: Spatial and Spectral Grain Distribution","volume":"203","author":"Blank","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-009-9292-x","article-title":"Fabrication and Physical Evaluation of a Polymer-Encapsulated Paramagnetic Probe for Biomedical Oximetry","volume":"11","author":"Meenakshisundaram","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomed. Microdevices"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Partial Pressure of Oxygen in the Human Body: A General Review","volume":"9","author":"Dunn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Blood Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davidov, T., Efraim, Y., Hayam, R., Oieni, J., Baruch, L., and Machluf, M. (2021). Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels Originated from Different Organs Mediate Tissue-Specific Properties and Function. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111624"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5578","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41831-9","article-title":"3D Structure and Processing Methods Direct the Biological Attributes of ECM-Based Cardiac Scaffolds","volume":"9","author":"Efraim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2023.09.009","article-title":"ECM-Based Bioactive Microencapsulation Significantly Improves Islet Function and Graft Performance","volume":"171","author":"Krishtul","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-009-9394-5","article-title":"An Implantable Teflon Chip Holding Lithium Naphthalocyanine Microcrystals for Secure, Safe, and Repeated Measurements of PO2 in Tissues","volume":"12","author":"Pandian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomed. Microdevices"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30066","article-title":"Hand-held Electron Spin Resonance Scanner for Subcutaneous Oximetry Using OxyChip","volume":"92","author":"Almog","year":"2024","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2612-2","article-title":"Effects of Extracellular Matrix Viscoelasticity on Cellular Behaviour","volume":"584","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201500005","article-title":"Photocrosslinkable Gelatin Hydrogel for Epidermal Tissue Engineering","volume":"5","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.07.168","article-title":"The Effects of EGCG on the Mechanical, Bioactivities, Cross-Linking and Release Properties of Gelatin Film","volume":"271","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2016.05.021","article-title":"Evaluation of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) Cross-Linked Collagen Membranes and Concerns on Osteoblasts","volume":"67","author":"Chu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14416","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.14416","article-title":"Cross-linking Effects of EGCG on Myofibrillar Protein from Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) and the Action Mechanism","volume":"46","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2011.04.033","article-title":"Thermal Denaturation Studies of Collagen by Microthermal Analysis and Atomic Force Microscopy","volume":"101","author":"Bozec","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-019-02841-y","article-title":"Collagen\/Cellulose Nanofiber Hydrogel Scaffold: Physical, Mechanical and Cell Biocompatibility Properties","volume":"27","author":"Lohrasbi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2019.12.020","article-title":"3D Printing in Suspension Baths: Keeping the Promises of Bioprinting Afloat","volume":"38","author":"McCormack","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"010904","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0032777","article-title":"Emergence of FRESH 3D Printing as a Platform for Advanced Tissue Biofabrication","volume":"5","author":"Shiwarski","year":"2021","journal-title":"APL Bioeng"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5714","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b13792","article-title":"Gellan Fluid Gel as a Versatile Support Bath Material for Fluid Extrusion Bioprinting","volume":"11","author":"Compaan","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.10.032","article-title":"New Approach to Measuring Oxygen Diffusion and Consumption in Encapsulated Living Cells, Based on Electron Spin Resonance Microscopy","volume":"101","author":"Cristea","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-009-9298-4","article-title":"Oxygen Sensitivity and Biocompatibility of an Implantable Paramagnetic Probe for Repeated Measurements of Tissue Oxygenation","volume":"11","author":"Meenakshisundaram","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomed. Microdevices"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, Y., Cheng, D., Niu, B., Wang, X., Wu, X., and Wang, A. (2023). Properties of Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) and Progress of Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid)-Based Biodegradable Materials in Biomedical Research. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16030454"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2008.02.013","article-title":"Quantification of DNA in Biologic Scaffold Materials","volume":"152","author":"Gilbert","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.01.057","article-title":"An Overview of Tissue and Whole Organ Decellularization Processes","volume":"32","author":"Crapo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2008.09.013","article-title":"Extracellular Matrix as a Biological Scaffold Material: Structure and Function","volume":"5","author":"Badylak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.24130","article-title":"Strategies for Tissue and Organ Decellularization","volume":"113","author":"Gilbert","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-018-0023-x","article-title":"Extracellular Matrix-Based Materials for Regenerative Medicine","volume":"3","author":"Hussey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3935","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4935","article-title":"Printing Three-Dimensional Tissue Analogues with Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Bioink","volume":"5","author":"Pati","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"085014","DOI":"10.1088\/0960-1317\/22\/8\/085014","article-title":"Bioprinting of a Mechanically Enhanced Three-Dimensional Dual Cell-Laden Construct for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering Using a Multi-Head Tissue\/Organ Building System","volume":"22","author":"Shim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Micromechanics Microengineering"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.06.051","article-title":"A Hydrogel Derived from Decellularized Dermal Extracellular Matrix","volume":"33","author":"Wolf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1007\/s00723-021-01358-7","article-title":"Oxygenation Status in Normal Tissues, Pathological Tissues and Malignant Tumors: A PO2 Database Based on Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Oximetry Measurements","volume":"52","author":"Gallez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams, B.B., Khan, N., Zaki, B., Hartford, A., Ernstoff, M.S., and Swartz, H.M. (2010). Clinical Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Oximetry Using India Ink. Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXXI., Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-1241-1_21"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schaner, P.E., Williams, B.B., Chen, E.Y., Pettus, J.R., Schreiber, W.A., Kmiec, M.M., Jarvis, L.A., Pastel, D.A., Zuurbier, R.A., and DiFlorio-Alexander, R.M. (2021). First-In-Human Study in Cancer Patients Establishing the Feasibility of Oxygen Measurements in Tumors Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance With the OxyChip. Front. Oncol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.743256"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2915","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28595","article-title":"Compact Electron Spin Resonance Skin Oximeter: Properties and Initial Clinical Results","volume":"85","author":"Cristea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4030","article-title":"Long-Term Glycemic Control Using Polymer-Encapsulated Human Stem Cell\u2013Derived Beta Cells in Immune-Competent Mice","volume":"22","author":"Vegas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6288","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200902672","article-title":"Poly(Ethylene Glycol) in Drug Delivery: Pros and Cons as Well as Potential Alternatives","volume":"49","author":"Knop","year":"2010","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."}],"container-title":["Journal of Functional Biomaterials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4983\/17\/1\/28\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T10:08:58Z","timestamp":1767348538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4983\/17\/1\/28"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["jfb17010028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jfb17010028","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-4983"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-4983","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}}}