{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T22:57:21Z","timestamp":1769554641998,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Saliva is essential for maintaining oral health, and conditions like hyposalivation increase the risk of diseases. To address this, artificial saliva (AS) formulations incorporated with antimicrobials have been proposed. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of AS formulations containing nystatin (Nys), chlorhexidine diacetate 98% (Chx), and silver nanoparticles (AgNp) against Candida albicans biofilm. The fungistatic and fungicidal properties of six groups (AS; AS + AgNp 2 mM; AS + AgNp 4 mM; AS + AgNp 6 mM; AS + Nys; AS + Chx) were assessed using the XTT colorimetric assay. Additionally, 35 denture base heat-polymerized acrylic resin specimens were prepared and treated with the antimicrobials, serving as substrates for C. albicans biofilm development over 3, 6, and 12 h. Biofilm growth was quantified by CFU\/mL counting. All analyses were performed with a significance level of p &lt; 0.05. Results demonstrated fungal load inhibition and a reduction in metabolic activity across all experimental groups (p &lt; 0.05). Notably, AS + Nys, AS + Chx, and AS + AgNp 6 mM exhibited similar and significant inhibitory effects against C. albicans biofilm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb17020063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T09:05:27Z","timestamp":1769504727000},"page":"63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Antimicrobials Incorporated into Artificial Saliva: Analysis Against Candida albicans"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0211-2957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila Alves","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Dental School of Bauru, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru 17000-000, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Dental Materials Research Lab, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6086-5303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fenelon Martinho Lima","family":"Pontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin Hermana","family":"Neppelenbroek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Dental School of Bauru, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru 17000-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2905-3803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Fran\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Materials Research Lab, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6609-9934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinicius Carvalho","family":"Porto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Dental School of Bauru, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru 17000-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawanishi, N., Hoshi, N., Adachi, T., Ichigaya, N., and Kimoto, K. 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