{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T08:16:44Z","timestamp":1787732204183,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Foundation of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University","award":["QDKY2025BS08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QDKY2025BS08"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014761","name":"Qingdao Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25-1-1-148-zyyd-jch"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-1-1-148-zyyd-jch"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The key challenge in restoring neural function after spinal cord injury stems from a vicious cycle triggered by the collapse of the bioelectrical microenvironment at the injury site: an \u2018electrical silence\u2013neuronal degeneration\u2013glial proliferation\u2019 cascade that conventional therapies fail to reverse. This review systematically summarizes the pathological mechanisms of electrical microenvironment imbalance and its critical role in neural regeneration. Furthermore, current intervention strategies based on biomaterials are outlined: evolving from passive reconstruction of electrical pathways using conductive materials to proactive regulation of local electric fields through exogenous electrical stimulation, which activates key signaling pathways, such as voltage-gated calcium channels, and thereby promotes axonal regeneration, stem cell differentiation, and immune modulation. Although existing strategies face challenges in precision and biocompatibility, this review integrates multidisciplinary perspectives from neuroscience and biomaterials to establish a theoretical framework for designing precise, biocompatible electrically modulating biomaterials. Ultimately, we aim to advance spinal cord injury treatment from local electrical environment restoration toward a paradigm shift toward functional neural circuit reconstruction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb17040172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T08:08:34Z","timestamp":1775030914000},"page":"172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Electrical Microenvironment Reconstruction and the Application of Biomaterials in Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1965-275X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao 266035, China"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyun","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao 266035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengshuang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao 266035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaosai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao 266035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2023). 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