{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T19:13:29Z","timestamp":1792696409661,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Piezoelectric biomaterials have attracted considerable interest in osteochondral tissue engineering owing to their inherent ability to produce electrical signals in response to mechanical stimuli without external power, thereby closely mimicking the physiological electrical microenvironment required for tissue regeneration. This review comprehensively summarizes recent insights into biological piezoelectricity from the molecular to the macroscopic level, highlighting its interplay with streaming potentials and its regulatory roles in bone and cartilage regeneration. We critically analyze recent advances in major piezoelectric material systems, including ceramics, polymers, and composite scaffolds, with emphasis on their structural characteristics, bioactive performance, and suitability for tissue-specific repair. Among them, polymer-based composite and hybrid piezoelectric scaffolds appear particularly promising for the development of flexible, high-performance osteochondral repair platforms, as they offer a more favorable balance between mechanical compliance, electromechanical output, and biological adaptability. Despite encouraging preclinical findings, significant challenges remain, including biocompatibility, controlled degradation kinetics, and the precise modulation of electrical cues for specific biological contexts. To address these barriers, future research should focus on optimizing scaffold design, integrating responsive and multimodal stimulation strategies, and establishing standardized protocols for preclinical evaluation and clinical translation. Overall, piezoelectric biomaterials hold substantial potential for the development of innovative regenerative therapies for complex osteochondral defects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb17040173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T08:08:34Z","timestamp":1775030914000},"page":"173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Piezoelectric Biomaterials for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering: Advances, Mechanisms, and Translational Prospects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Labqoratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Labqoratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"90","article-title":"D\u00e9veloppement, par pression, de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 polaire dans les cristaux h\u00e9mi\u00e8dres \u00e0 faces inclin\u00e9es","volume":"3\u20134","author":"Curie","year":"1880","journal-title":"Bulletin de Min\u00e9ralogie"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3747\/co.2007.110","article-title":"Pierre Curie, 1859\u20131906","volume":"14","author":"Mould","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. 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