{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:10:15Z","timestamp":1785409815783,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigacion","award":["PID2023-148827OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2023-148827OB-I00"]}]},{"award":["PID2023-148827OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2023-148827OB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/003x0zc53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The wear resistance of modern commercial glass-ceramic materials used in dental prostheses was investigated under cyclic contact conditions that included a rotational component. This loading mode has been largely overlooked in conventional in vitro wear testing, yet may be clinically relevant in patients with parafunctional conditions such as bruxism. Methods: Rotational loading was applied using an all-electric testing machine equipped with a biaxial actuator. Loading cycles combined a normal load (50 N) and a rotation (30\u00b0), at a frequency of 1 Hz. Microstructure and damage were characterized using advanced microscopy. Results: Rotational loading induced substantial damage across this class of materials, including the formation of glassy tribolayers with limited protective capability under the low-humidity conditions examined. Significant microstructure-dependent variations in wear volume were observed, with specific wear rates indicating severe wear (SWR above 10\u22126 mm3\/N\u00b7m threshold) in three of the five materials tested. Lithium disilicate glass-ceramics, characterized by a high fraction of elongated reinforcement crystals, exhibited the greatest resistance to damage, whereas leucite-based glass-ceramics showed the lowest. The dominant wear mechanisms were plastic-deformation-induced grooving and fracture-driven chipping. The findings are interpreted within established wear models for brittle materials (Archard and fracture-based) and supported by numerical simulations of stress fields across multiple length scales. Implications: The results provide mechanistic insight into rotational wear damage in glass-ceramic systems, a material class particularly susceptible to such loading, and inform strategies for material selection and microstructural design aimed at improving prosthetic durability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb17040204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T14:53:23Z","timestamp":1776696803000},"page":"204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microstructure-Dependent Rotational Wear of Dental Glass-Ceramics Under Low Humidity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7798-818X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Est\u00edbaliz","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica, Energ\u00e9tica y de los Materiales, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5329-9550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica, Universidad de Salamanca, 37700 Bejar, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Borrero-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica, Energ\u00e9tica y de los Materiales, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rexhepi, I., Santilli, M., D\u2019Addazio, G., Tafuri, G., Manciocchi, E., Caputi, S., and Sinjari, B. 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