{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T02:54:59Z","timestamp":1777949699326,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing prevalence of peri-implantitis has led to a growing clinical use of implantoplasty, a procedure involving intraoral machining of the dental implant surface to remove biofilm. The absence of standardized clinical protocols may contribute to premature fatigue failure of dental implants. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of machining depth on the cyclic mechanical behavior of dental implants. A total of 250 commercially pure grade 4 titanium dental implants were distributed into four groups according to machining depth: untreated (original), 0.2 mm, 0.4 mm, and 0.6 mm wall reduction. The implant system featured an internal connection with a thread height of 0.4 mm. Finite element analysis was performed for each machining depth to evaluate von Mises stress distribution and simulate fatigue behavior. The numerical models were validated through experimental fatigue testing using a servo-hydraulic MTS Bionix testing machine under ISO 14801:2016 conditions, showing a high correlation between simulated and experimental results (correlation coefficients &gt; 0.9). The results indicated that maximum von Mises stresses were concentrated at the junction between the implant thread and the implant body. The fatigue limit of the untreated implants was approximately 351 N. Implants subjected to 0.4 mm machining exhibited a fatigue limit of 301 N, whereas lower fatigue limits were observed for 0.2 mm (255 N) and 0.6 mm (185 N) reductions. These findings suggest a significant mechanical effect of thread removal: 0.4 mm implantoplasty may provide improved fatigue performance compared to 0.2 mm, potentially due to reduced stress concentration at the thread\u2013body junction. At high applied loads, fracture occurred in the coronal region of the implant, whereas at lower loads failure shifted to the implant\u2013abutment connection. Although a good agreement between numerical and experimental results was observed, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to the in vitro testing conditions and the assumptions inherent to the finite element simulations. Therefore, while the results suggest that implantoplasty depth should not exceed the original thread height, further validation under clinically relevant conditions is required to confirm its impact on long-term mechanical reliability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb17050221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T01:12:09Z","timestamp":1777857129000},"page":"221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mechanical Fatigue of Titanium Dental Implants After Implantoplasty: An In Vitro Study Combined with Finite Element Simulations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Esteban","family":"Padull\u00e9s-Roig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta s\/n, Sant Cugat del Vall\u00e9s, 08195 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8335-0318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Sevilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinspired Oral Biomaterials and Interfaces, Department Ciencia e Ingenieria de Materiales, Escola Enginyeria Barcelona Est, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Mechanics Department, Escuela Universitaria Salesiana de Sarria, Pg. Sant Joan Bosco, 74, 74, 08017 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0228-484X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenio","family":"Velasco-Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, c\/Avicena s\/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Cerrolaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Science & Technology, Valencian International University, Calle Pintor Sorolla, 21, 46002 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darcio","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinspired Oral Biomaterials and Interfaces, Department Ciencia e Ingenieria de Materiales, Escola Enginyeria Barcelona Est, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanne","family":"Parache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinspired Oral Biomaterials and Interfaces, Department Ciencia e Ingenieria de Materiales, Escola Enginyeria Barcelona Est, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2969-6067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Conrado","family":"Aparicio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinspired Oral Biomaterials and Interfaces, Department Ciencia e Ingenieria de Materiales, Escola Enginyeria Barcelona Est, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"ICREA, Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08010 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6824-1412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinspired Oral Biomaterials and Interfaces, Department Ciencia e Ingenieria de Materiales, Escola Enginyeria Barcelona Est, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01276.x","article-title":"Non-surgical treatment of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis: A literature review","volume":"35","author":"Renvert","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S246","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12954","article-title":"Peri-implantitis","volume":"45","author":"Schwarz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13070","article-title":"Efficacy of reconstructive surgical therapy at peri-implantitis-related bone defects. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Tomasi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. 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