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Conventional therapy relies on systemic dosing or repeated intra-articular and peri-tissue injections, which suffer from off-target toxicity, poor lesional bioavailability, and low adherence. Polymer microneedles (MNs)\u2014micron-scale projections of biodegradable, dissolving, hydrogel-forming, or composite polymers\u2014have rapidly matured into a versatile platform for minimally invasive, spatially localized, and temporally programmable delivery of small molecules, biologics, nucleic acids, extracellular vesicles, and cells to MSK tissues. This review synthesizes 2018\u20132026 advances in polymer MN systems engineered specifically for MSK regeneration. We classify dominant polymer chemistries and MN architectures; map fit-for-purpose across bone, cartilage, joint, intervertebral disc, tendon, and skeletal muscle; and survey \u201csmart\u201d MN designs that exploit reactive oxygen species, pH, mechanical, triboelectric, optogenetic, and ultrasonic triggers. We close with a concise conclusion and forward perspective that identifies the key design levers\u2014hybrid MN\u2013scaffold combination products, stimuli-responsive platforms tuned to the MSK micro-environment, and cell- and EV-loaded formats\u2014most likely to have clinical impact.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb17070325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T12:01:37Z","timestamp":1783339297000},"page":"325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Polymer Microneedles for Localized Drug Delivery in Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Seihyun","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dohee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1483-3890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inseon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9654-8577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seunghun S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2022.06.003","article-title":"Scaffolds for bone-tissue engineering","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Matter"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202500724","DOI":"10.1002\/sstr.202500724","article-title":"Recent Advances in Orthopedic Tissue Engineering: Bridging Stem Cells and 3D Printing","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2026","journal-title":"Small Struct."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.1c00241","article-title":"A Biomimetic Macroporous Hybrid Scaffold with Sustained Drug Delivery for Enhanced Bone Regeneration","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.120223","article-title":"Sequential growth factor releasing double cryogel system for enhanced bone regeneration","volume":"257","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-chembioeng-060816-101514","article-title":"Engineering Microneedle Patches for Vaccination and Drug Delivery to Skin","volume":"8","author":"Prausnitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. 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