{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T13:14:21Z","timestamp":1783602861182,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ongoing Research Funding program, Research Chairs","award":["ORF-RC-2026-3301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORF-RC-2026-3301"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Patients with White spot lesions (WSLs) are seeking minimally invasive remineralizing treatment. While fluoride is the gold standard of non-invasive caries therapy, its remineralizing impact is predominantly superficial. MI Paste One (MIP-1) combines casein phosphopeptide\u2013amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP\u2013ACP) with 1100 ppm fluoride. This in vitro study aimed to assess the effect of MIP-1 compared with other agents. Methods: Enamel slabs were demineralized to create a caries-like lesion and randomized into five groups (n = 10): G1, WSL\/artificial saliva (AS) (negative control); G2, deionized water brushing; G3, fluoridated toothpaste brushing; G4, MIP-1 brushing; G5, topical MI Paste application. Color change (\u0394E), gloss (GU), microhardness (VHN), roughness (Ra), and surface topography (SEM) were assessed at four time points: baseline, first demineralization, treatment, and second demineralization. Results: All active agents improved microhardness after treatment. After secondary demineralization, G4 achieved the highest hardness, significantly superior to G3 (p = 0.016). G5 occupied a statistically intermediate position. CPP\u2013ACP-containing agents (G4, G5) achieved color improvement that was significantly superior to controls. Conclusions: MIP-1 outperformed fluoride toothpaste in resisting secondary demineralization of permanent enamel WSLs. CPP\u2013ACP made a measurable independent contribution to demineralization resistance in permanent enamel. These findings highlight the need for further clinical investigation of MIP-1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb17070333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T11:55:32Z","timestamp":1783598132000},"page":"333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Remineralization of Artificial Caries-like Lesions in Permanent Enamel by MI Paste One: Comparative Physicochemical Outcomes and In Vitro Resistance to Secondary Demineralization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5329-2674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Najla F.","family":"Alsayari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah S.","family":"Al-Angari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Latifa A.","family":"Alhowaish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0972-7009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulaziz S.","family":"Alangari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5804-9355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raman","family":"Bedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3861-1707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayman M.","family":"Sulimany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Bio-Research Chair in Dental Health, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha A.","family":"Alsarheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2008.00064.x","article-title":"Dental Caries: A Dynamic Disease Process","volume":"53","author":"Featherstone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aust. 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