{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T09:06:27Z","timestamp":1783933587706,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UID\/50011\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50011\/2025"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["LA\/P\/0006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Environmental Fund","award":["02\/C12-i01\/202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02\/C12-i01\/202"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based materials are widely studied for functional materials and porous platform applications, yet their stability usually requires energy-intensive thermal curing or toxic chemical crosslinkers, which limit process sustainability. In this work, we present a more sustainable approach for the preparation of CMC-based foams using deep eutectic solvents (DES) as multifunctional structuring agents. CMC hydrogels were prepared with different DES at room temperature, followed by freeze-drying to obtain foams. Among the tested DES, choline chloride:oxalic acid (1:1) combined with glycerol produced foams with the most favorable properties, including high water uptake (288.24 \u00b1 3.02% after 1 h) and water stability for 28 days. Morphological analysis revealed a homogeneous and interconnected porous network (32.2 \u00b1 13.3 \u00b5m), while compression tests demonstrated good mechanical recovery (93.29 \u00b1 3.12% over 10 cycles). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggests interactions between CMC and DES, especially hydrogen bonds. The foams exhibited pH-dependent behavior, with limited resveratrol release under acidic conditions (22.2 \u00b1 4.0% after 24 h), with significant release at pH 7.4 (85.30 \u00b1 5.75%) and total release at pH 13.0. Drug release kinetics suggest a diffusion-controlled mechanism under acidic pH, transitioning to anomalous transport at higher pH values. This study demonstrates that DES can be used to prepare CMC-based foams, providing a more sustainable route to porous materials. Although biological validation is needed to confirm therapeutic safety, this study provides an initial physicochemical basis for using these matrices as tunable and stimuli-responsive porous materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb17070337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T08:05:31Z","timestamp":1783929931000},"page":"337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sustainable Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Foams via Deep Eutectic Solvent Processing for pH-Responsive Drug Delivery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2457-129X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno B.","family":"Ravanello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AlmaScience Colab, Madan Parque, Rua dos Inventores, 2825-182 Caparica, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3904-7757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe Silva de","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AlmaScience Colab, Madan Parque, Rua dos Inventores, 2825-182 Caparica, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna Ramos","family":"Navalhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AlmaScience Colab, Madan Parque, Rua dos Inventores, 2825-182 Caparica, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8281-8663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AlmaScience Colab, Madan Parque, Rua dos Inventores, 2825-182 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP\/UNINOVA, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7307-6418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nalin","family":"Seixas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.124784","article-title":"Carboxymethyl Cellulose Hydrogels for Flexible Electronics: From Design to Applications","volume":"375","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Carbohydr. 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