{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T09:18:49Z","timestamp":1787822329599,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219 Research","award":["792\/8\/22.01.2025."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["792\/8\/22.01.2025."]}]},{"award":["792\/8\/22.01.2025."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["792\/8\/22.01.2025."]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03gwbzf29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Funct. Biomater.","JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Dentin disinfection plays an important role in prosthodontics, reducing the microbial load, preventing postoperative complications and enhancing the bond strength. This in vitro study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of different dentin disinfection protocols, depending on microorganism type, application time, and dentin depth. Methods: A total of 144 extracted human molars were included in the final analysis. The exposed dentin surfaces were contaminated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Candida albicans (C. albicans). The specimens were disinfected using 2% chlorhexidine digluconate, 3% hydrogen peroxide, or photodynamic therapy with 1% toluidine blue. Microbial growth at superficial and deep dentin was assessed using semi-quantitative visual colony-density scores, resulting in 288 microbiological measurements. Ordinal generalized estimating equation (GEE) models, accounting for within-tooth correlation, were used to evaluate the factors associated with microbial scores. Results: The results showed statistically significant differences among protocols for MRSA (Wald \u03c72 = 62.98; df = 5; p &lt; 0.001) and for C. albicans (Wald \u03c72 = 18.77; df = 5; p = 0.002). Specifically, 2% CHX applied for 30 s was associated with the greatest reduction in MRSA microbial scores (OR = 0.121; p = 0.009), whereas 3% H2O2 applied for 60 s was more effective against C. albicans (OR = 0.054; p &lt; 0.001). PDT showed lower and less consistent antimicrobial effects under the tested parameters. Conclusions: The effectiveness of dentin disinfection depends on the microorganism, application time, and dentin depth. Complete elimination of the microbial load cannot be achieved using the disinfectants investigated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb17090431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T08:02:27Z","timestamp":1787817747000},"page":"431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Dentin Disinfection Protocols Against MRSA and Candida albicans: An In Vitro Experimental Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9824-0015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kinga M\u00e1ria","family":"J\u00e1nosi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7396-4877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Cerghizan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izabella \u00c9va","family":"Mure\u0219an","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Auri\u021ba Ioana","family":"Albu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liana Claudia","family":"Dobreci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7276-1263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liana Georgiana","family":"H\u0103n\u021boiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alp\u00e1r","family":"Kov\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, 540501 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8171-0474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharukh S.","family":"Khajotia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Campus, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2262-7456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina Nicoleta","family":"Ciurea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosen, E., Elbahary, S., Haj-Yahya, S., Jammal, L., Shemesh, H., and Tsesis, I. 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