{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:09:56Z","timestamp":1790294996791,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union, EU4Health Programme","award":["101080024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101080024"]}]},{"award":["101080024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101080024"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Funct. Biomater.","JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels are useful for localized drug delivery because they can be administered as low-viscosity formulations and then form, or reinforce, therapeutic depots directly at diseased tissue sites. Their common design principle is a temperature-dependent transition from a flowable formulation before administration to an in situ matrix at physiological temperature, or a thermally regulated change in swelling, mesh size, drug-matrix affinity or degradation. This review focuses on thermoresponsive injectable systems for localized delivery, including PNIPAM-based systems, poloxamers\/Pluronics, PEG\/polyester block copolymers, polyurethane-based hydrogels, chitosan-based thermogels, hyaluronan- and glycosaminoglycan-based systems, and selected multicomponent or nanocomposite networks. The in vivo application areas considered are local cancer therapy, wound healing and antibacterial treatment, osteoarthritis and intra-articular delivery, and myocardial infarction\/cardiac repair. Across these indications, preclinical studies suggest that thermoresponsive hydrogels may prolong local residence time, reduce systemic exposure, enhance delivery of poorly soluble or unstable payloads, and modulate disease-specific microenvironments. Remaining challenges include gelation control, mechanical stability, degradation products, immune response, sterilization, manufacturing reproducibility, disease heterogeneity and robust translational validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb17090436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T08:31:13Z","timestamp":1788251473000},"page":"436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Injectable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels for Localized Drug Delivery: Mechanisms, In Vivo Evidence and Translational Challenges"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3079-687X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Di Martino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5343-2777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Sessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Pagliari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Silvestrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1461-9301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Concilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santoro, J., Di Martino, M., Piotto, S., Concilio, S., and Midulla, M. 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