{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:06:16Z","timestamp":1789383976093,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Funct. Biomater.","JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The clinical success of modern dental implants requires a balance between mechanical endurance and aesthetic integration. While titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) provides a reliable load-bearing core, yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) is frequently preferred for the cervical collar to secure optimal peri-implant soft tissue responses. Yet, fusing these materials directly creates a structural challenge, an abrupt stiffness gradient. This discontinuity promotes localized tensile stresses within the brittle ceramic component, elevating the risk of subcritical crack initiation under oblique masticatory loads. Methods: To address this challenge, we conducted a narrative review to establish the rationale for a novel Ti-PEEK-Zr tri-layered concept. This approach integrates materials science and dental biomechanics to provide a theoretical framework prior to experimental testing. Results: The synthesized data supports the integration of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as an intermediate compliant layer. Rather than serving as an intermediate stiffness layer, PEEK operates as a viscoelastic buffer. This functional transition zone dampens oblique forces, redistributing localized stress away from the fragile rigid\u2013rigid junction and shielding the Y-TZP collar. The modular tri-layered configuration offers a theoretically sound mechanical hypothesis, though its clinical feasibility depends on rigorous validation that must encompass not only biomechanical performance but also biological compatibility, resistance to bacterial colonization, and long-term stability under the challenging conditions of the oral environment. The practical advantages, including manufacturability, surgical handling, and cost-effectiveness, remain to be demonstrated through future experimental and numerical studies. Conclusions: The Ti-PEEK-Zr multi-material concept is a biomechanical hypothesis. By functionally isolating the roles of each material, this paradigm addresses several limitations of traditional hybrid implants, providing the basis for future finite element analyses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb17090469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T10:19:41Z","timestamp":1789381181000},"page":"469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Overcoming the Biomechanical Limitations of Titanium\u2013Zirconia Dental Implants: Rationale for a Novel Ti-PEEK-Zr Tri-Layered Concept"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Marius Carnaru","family":"Vacaru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Faculty, \u201cGheorghe Asachi\u201d Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3878-9129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corneliu","family":"Munteanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Faculty, \u201cGheorghe Asachi\u201d Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Technical Sciences Academy of Romania, 26 Dacia Blvd., 030167 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6872-8616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian Cezar","family":"Lupu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Faculty, \u201cGheorghe Asachi\u201d Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grigorii","family":"Deleu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Faculty, \u201cGheorghe Asachi\u201d Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana Ilinca","family":"Volocaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Faculty, \u201cGheorghe Asachi\u201d Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamel","family":"Earar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cDunarea de Jos\u201d University, 800008 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(83)80101-2","article-title":"Osseointegration and its experimental background","volume":"50","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. 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