{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:27:58Z","timestamp":1789658878236,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ARDEC Academy, Rimini, Italy","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01zezwk04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01zezwk04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Funct. Biomater.","JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This exploratory study provided a primarily descriptive comparison of two xenogeneic and two synthetic blocks for mandibular onlay augmentation in rabbits. Methods: Twelve rabbits received bilateral block grafts, providing 24 sites allocated to Bio-Oss\u00ae Block, SP-Block, ReproBone\u00ae Block, or Alos Block (n = 6\/material). After 10 weeks, undecalcified sections were evaluated within standardized inferior and superior regions. Newly formed bone was the primary outcome; secondary outcomes included residual graft, IBN-like tissue, soft-tissue components, and cross-sectional augmented area. Mixed-effects models accounted for clustering within animals. Results: No statistically significant difference in newly formed bone percentage was detected among biomaterials (p = 0.475). Residual graft differed significantly (p &lt; 0.001) and was lower for all test materials than for Bio-Oss\u00ae Block. ReproBone\u00ae Block consistently exhibited IBN-like tissue (17.3 \u00b1 2.9%). SP-Block showed more intra-compartment soft tissue than Bio-Oss\u00ae Block. Alos Block had the smallest augmented area (12.9 \u00b1 6.1 mm2; adjusted p = 0.001 versus Bio-Oss\u00ae Block), and extra-compartment soft tissue was present in five of six sites. Conclusions: Although newly formed bone percentages did not differ significantly, the biomaterials displayed distinct profiles of scaffold persistence, incorporation, tissue organization, and cross-sectional augmented area at 10 weeks. These features should be considered together when evaluating block biomaterials for onlay augmentation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb17090472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T11:41:35Z","timestamp":1789645295000},"page":"472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Descriptive Histological and Histomorphometrical Comparison of Four Xenogeneic and Synthetic Bone Blocks for Mandibular Onlay Augmentation in Rabbits"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Souichiro","family":"Honda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Osaka-573-1121, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2804-1632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Botticelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Osaka-573-1121, Japan"},{"name":"ARDEC Academy, 47923 Rimini, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3657-384X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erick Ricardo","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7389-5886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel Porfirio","family":"Xavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Iezzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d\u2019Annunzio of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Osaka-573-1121, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Baba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Osaka-573-1121, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2002.291213.x","article-title":"Lateral ridge augmentation by the use of grafts comprised of autologous bone or a biomaterial. 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