{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:03:02Z","timestamp":1791576182742,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]],"date-time":"2018-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to assess the performance of a new vacuum plasma sprayed (VPS) titanium-coated carbon\/polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage under first use clinical conditions. Forty-two patients who underwent a one or two segment transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) procedure with a new Ca\/PEEK composite cage between 2012 and 2016 were retrospectively identified by an electronic patient chart review. Fusion rates (using X-ray), patient\u2019s satisfaction, and complications were followed up for two years. A total of 90.4% of the patients were pain-free and satisfied after a follow up (FU) period of 29.1 \u00b1 9 (range 24\u201339) months. A mean increase of 3\u00b0 in segmental lordosis in the early period (p = 0.002) returned to preoperative levels at final follow-ups. According to the Bridwell classification, the mean 24-month G1 fusion rate was calculated as 93.6% and the G2 as 6.4%. No radiolucency around the cage (G3) or clear pseudarthrosis could be seen (G4). In conclusion, biological properties of the inert, hydrophobic surface, which is the main disadvantage of PEEK, can be improved with VPS titanium coating, so that the carbon\/PEEK composite cage, which has great advantages in respect of biomechanical properties, can be used safely in TLIF surgery. High fusion rates, good clinical outcome, and low implant-related complication rates without the need to use rhBMP or additional iliac bone graft can be achieved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb9010023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]],"date-time":"2018-03-15T05:06:43Z","timestamp":1521090403000},"page":"23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["First Results of a New Vacuum Plasma Sprayed (VPS) Titanium-Coated Carbon\/PEEK Composite Cage for Lumbar Interbody Fusion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sven","family":"Hoppe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Spine Unit, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern 3010, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Albers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Spine Unit, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern 3010, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarek","family":"Elfiky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spine Surgery Unit, El-Hadra University Hospital, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moritz","family":"Deml","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Spine Unit, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern 3010, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5689-0095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Milavec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Spine Unit, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern 3010, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Bigdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Spine Unit, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern 3010, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorin","family":"Benneker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Spine Unit, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern 3010, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000083167.78853.D5","article-title":"Influence of cage geometry on sagittal alignment in instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"28","author":"Fritsch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-3538(00)00241-4","article-title":"Biomedical applications of polymer-composite materials: A review","volume":"61","author":"Ramakrishna","year":"2001","journal-title":"Compos. 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