{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T11:25:35Z","timestamp":1782818735497,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFMK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) and its correlation with variables from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor placed on the knee at different exercise intensities. Methods: Fourteen university athletes participated in the study. Incremental ergospirometry was performed to exhaustion to calculate V\u2019O2max, determine training zones, heart rate, and workload using the IMU, and analyze muscle metabolism by SmO2. Results: The analysis revealed significant differences between moderate-to-high-intensity zones (80\u201389% vs. 50\u201369%, \u0394 = 27% of SmO2; p &lt; 0.001) and high-intensity zones (90\u2013100% vs. 50\u201379%, \u0394 = 35% of SmO2; p &lt; 0.001). SmO2 values showed moderate reliability at moderate exercise intensities (e.g., ICC 0.744 at 50%) and high variability at higher intensities, with ICC values around 0.577\u20130.594, and CV% increasing up to 77.7% at 100% intensity, indicating decreasing consistency as exercise intensity increases. SmO2 significantly decreases with increasing angular velocity (\u03b2 = \u221213.9, p &lt; 0.001), while knee joint load only shows significant correlations with SmO2 in the moderate-to-high-intensity zones (r = 0.569, p = 0.004) and high-intensity zones (r = 0.455, p = 0.012). Conclusions: SmO2 is a key predictor of performance during maximal incremental exercise, particularly in high-intensity zones. Moreover, SmO2 has the potential to serve as a physiological marker of the internal load on the muscles surrounding the knee during exercise. The SmO2 decrease could depend on the angular velocity and impact of the exposed knee during running.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk10020136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T04:16:21Z","timestamp":1744863381000},"page":"136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Reliability of Muscle Oxygen Saturation for Evaluating Exercise Intensity and Knee Joint Load Indicators"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Aldo A.","family":"Vasquez-Bonilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10001 Caceres, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9311-6576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Y\u00e1\u00f1ez-Sep\u00falveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Vi\u00f1a del Mar 2520000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3163-3911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mat\u00edas","family":"Monsalves-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7550000, Chile"},{"name":"Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago 8320000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5711-7520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"Tuesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7550000, Chile"},{"name":"Laboratory of Sport Sciences, Sports Medicine Centre \u201cSports MD\u201d, Vi\u00f1a del Mar 2520000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9020-5776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Duclos-Bast\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iGEO Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso 2340000, Chile"},{"name":"IGOID Research Group, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8033-4777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Cort\u00e9s-Roco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Vi\u00f1a del Mar, Vi\u00f1a del Mar 2520000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Olivares-Arancibia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo AFySE, Investigaci\u00f3n en Actividad F\u00edsica y Salud Escolar, Escuela de Pedagog\u00eda en Educaci\u00f3n F\u00edsica, Facultad de Educaci\u00f3n, Universidad de las Am\u00e9ricas, Santiago 8320000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7001-9004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Guzm\u00e1n-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Kinesiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tom\u00e1s, Talca 3460000, Chile"},{"name":"Escuela de Kinesiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7412-7624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Francisco","family":"L\u00f3pez-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas, Quito 170124, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01987-x","article-title":"Muscle Oximetry in Sports Science: An Updated Systematic Review","volume":"54","author":"Perrey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2023.114288","article-title":"Training Zones through Muscle Oxygen Saturation during a Graded Exercise Test in Cyclists and Triathletes","volume":"40","author":"Olcina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. 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