{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T15:15:28Z","timestamp":1779376528127,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]],"date-time":"2025-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFMK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: To the best of the authors\u2019 knowledge, the different injury mechanisms of the hamstring muscle group have not been defined in detail in men\u2019s professional football. For this reason, the main aim of this study is to determine the mechanisms and contextual patterns associated with hamstring muscle group injuries in professional male football players in competition, using a systematic video analysis method. Methods: Video recordings of official matches from two consecutive seasons (2017\/18 and 2018\/19) of the Spanish First Division of Football (LaLigaTM) were used for this research. The process to determine the moment of injury was carried out by two independent evaluators using an ad hoc observation tool and, subsequently, all relevant data were collected to detail the specific patterns of injury events observed. Results: In total, 78 cases of hamstring injuries were included for the final analysis of specific patterns. The most outstanding results were that, (1) although the sprint-related pattern (SP) is predominate (54%; 42 cases), the combined pattern 2 (COMB2) is another mechanism that appears frequently (26%; 20 cases), (2) within the SP, curved runs show a greater number of cases (52% of SP; 22 cases), (3) the majority of the injuries occur without contact (83%; 65 cases) and with the presence of the ball (88%; 69 cases), and finally, (4) the most injured positions were fullbacks\/wingbacks (28%; 22 cases), central defenders (27%; 21 cases), and wingers\/wide midfielders (23%; 18 cases). Conclusions: The SP remains the most frequent pattern in hamstring injuries; however, the present study presents other mechanisms that are also quite common and should be considered, such as curvilinear runs in SP and COMB2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk10020201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T05:09:12Z","timestamp":1748840952000},"page":"201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Hamstring Strain Injury Patterns in Spanish Professional Male Football (Soccer): A Systematic Video Analysis of 78 Match Injuries"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Aitor","family":"Gandarias-Madariaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (EHU), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3509-3350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de Alto Rendimiento Deportivo UCAM, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica San Antonio, 30830 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9792-6656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro E.","family":"Alcaraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de Alto Rendimiento Deportivo UCAM, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica San Antonio, 30830 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2575-7168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio","family":"Calleja-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (EHU), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9286-6113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"L\u00f3pez del Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Research Area of LaLiga, 28043 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4206-1824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Resta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Research Area of LaLiga, 28043 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0660-4545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asier","family":"Zubillaga-Zubiaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (EHU), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calleja-Gonz\u00e1lez, J., Mallo, J., Cos, F., Sampaio, J., Jones, M.T., Marqu\u00e9s-Jim\u00e9nez, D., Mielgo-Ayuso, J., Freitas, T.T., Alcaraz, P.E., and Vilamitjana, J. (2023). A commentary of factors related to player availability and its influence on performance in elite team sports. Front. Sports Act. Living, 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2022.1077934"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091040","article-title":"Low injury rate strongly correlates with team success in Qatari professional football","volume":"47","author":"Eirale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000675","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2019-000675","article-title":"Estimation of injury costs: Financial damage of English Premier League teams\u2019 underachievement due to injuries","volume":"6","author":"Eliakim","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092215","article-title":"Injuries affect team performance negatively in professional football: An 11-year follow-up of the UEFA Champions League injury study","volume":"47","author":"Magnusson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1712113","article-title":"Hamstring Injuries Prevention in Soccer: A Narrative Review of Current Literature","volume":"7","author":"Bisciotti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Joints"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.11.003","article-title":"Physical exercises for preventing injuries among adult male football players: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Adsuar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Sport Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-103159","article-title":"Injury rates decreased in men\u2019s professional football: An 18-year prospective cohort study of almost 12 000 injuries sustained during 1.8 million hours of play","volume":"55","author":"Ekstrand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510395879","article-title":"Epidemiology of muscle injuries in professional football (soccer)","volume":"39","author":"Ekstrand","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.060582","article-title":"Injury incidence and injury patterns in professional football: The UEFA injury study","volume":"45","author":"Ekstrand","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2018.10.011","article-title":"Epidemiology of injury in English Professional Football players: A cohort study","volume":"35","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Ther. Sport"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-105407","article-title":"Hamstring injury rates have increased during recent seasons and now constitute 24% of all injuries in men\u2019s professional football: The UEFA Elite Club Injury Study from 2001\/02 to 2021\/22","volume":"57","author":"Ekstrand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.2165\/11594800-000000000-00000","article-title":"Hamstring strain injuries: Factors that Lead to injury and re-Injury","volume":"42","author":"Opar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.099","article-title":"The proximal hamstring muscle-tendon-bone unit: A review of the normal anatomy, biomechanics, and pathophysiology","volume":"81","author":"Beltran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thorborg, K., Opar, D., and Shield, A.J. (2020). Prevention and Rehabilitation of Hamstring Injuries, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-31638-9"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-010-1221-2","article-title":"Can a clinical test of hamstring strength identify football players at risk of hamstring strain?","volume":"19","author":"Schache","year":"2011","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318236a3d2","article-title":"Mechanics of the human hamstring muscles during sprinting","volume":"44","author":"Schache","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2010.03.006","article-title":"Hamstring muscle forces prior to and immediately following an acute sprinting-related muscle strain injury","volume":"32","author":"Schache","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090127","article-title":"Hamstrings are most susceptible to injury during the early stance phase of sprinting","volume":"46","author":"Orchard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edouard, P., Mendiguchia, J., Lahti, J., Arnal, P.J., Gimenez, P., Jim\u00e9nez-Reyes, P., Brughelli, M., Samozino, P., and Morin, J.-B. (2018). Sprint Acceleration Mechanics in Fatigue Conditions: Compensatory Role of Gluteal Muscles in Horizontal Force Production and Potential Protection of Hamstring Muscles. Front. Physiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01706"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2020.12.007","article-title":"Sprinting and hamstring strain injury: Beliefs and practices of professional physical performance coaches in Australian football","volume":"48","author":"Freeman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Ther. Sport"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090534","article-title":"High-speed running type or stretching-type of hamstring injuries makes a difference to treatment and prognosis","volume":"46","author":"Askling","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Danielsson, A., Horvath, A., Senorski, C., Alentorn-Geli, E., Garrett, W.E., Cugat, R., Samuelsson, K., and Senorski, E.H. (2020). The mechanism of hamstring injuries\u2014A systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03658-8"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huygaerts, S., Cos, F., Cohen, D.D., Calleja-Gonz\u00e1lez, J., Guitart, M., Blazevich, A.J., and Alcaraz, P.E. (2020). Mechanisms of Hamstring Strain Injury: Interactions between Fatigue, Muscle Activation and Function. Sports, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/sports8050065"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0107","article-title":"Can We Modify Maximal Speed Running Posture? Implications for Performance and Hamstring Injury Management","volume":"17","author":"Mendiguchia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2021.1917839","article-title":"Hamstring and gluteal activation during high-speed overground running: Impact of prior strain injury","volume":"39","author":"Bourne","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2021.1960418","article-title":"Is there an association between high-speed running biomechanics and hamstring strain injury? A systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Wolski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports Biomech."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2586","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002753","article-title":"Associations between Hamstring Fatigue and Sprint Kinematics during a Simulated Football (Soccer) Match","volume":"53","author":"Wilmes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-104769","article-title":"Hamstring injury patterns in professional male football (soccer): A systematic video analysis of 52 cases","volume":"56","author":"Gronwald","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.05.037","article-title":"Late swing running mechanics influence hamstring injury susceptibility in elite rugby athletes: A prospective exploratory analysis","volume":"92","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"67","article-title":"Hamstring muscle strain in sprinters","volume":"23","author":"Askling","year":"2008","journal-title":"New Stud. Athl."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000001109","article-title":"Mechanisms of Hamstring Injury in Professional Soccer Players: Video Analysis and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings","volume":"33","author":"Jokela","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. J. Sport Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-104171","article-title":"Its not all about sprinting: Mechanisms of acute hamstring strain injuries in professional male rugby union\u2014A systematic visual video analysis","volume":"56","author":"Kerin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101247","article-title":"Systematic video analysis of ACL injuries in professional male football (soccer): Injury mechanisms, situational patterns and biomechanics study on 134 consecutive cases","volume":"54","author":"Buckthorpe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"A19","article-title":"046 The mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in male professional football players in the middle east: A systematic video analysis of 15 cases","volume":"55","author":"Rekik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101344","article-title":"Nine typical injury patterns in German professional male football (soccer): A systematic visual video analysis of 345 match injuries","volume":"55","author":"Klein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099246","article-title":"Mechanisms of acute adductor longus injuries in male football players: A systematic visual video analysis","volume":"53","author":"Serner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2015.5549","article-title":"Neuroplasticity following anterior cruciate ligament injury: A framework for visual-motor training approaches in rehabilitation","volume":"45","author":"Grooms","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1159\/000511228","article-title":"Periodization in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rehabilitation: A Novel Framework","volume":"30","author":"Kakavas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Princ. Pract."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"541","article-title":"Periodization in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rehabilitation: New Framework Versus Old Model? A Clinical Commentary","volume":"18","author":"Kakavs","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096425","article-title":"Mechanisms of ACL injury in professional rugby union: A systematic video analysis of 36 cases","volume":"52","author":"Montgomery","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"5","article-title":"La metodolog\u00eda observacional en el deporte: Conceptos b\u00e1sicos","volume":"24","author":"Anguera","year":"2000","journal-title":"Educ. Fis. Deporte Rev. Digit."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Bakeman, R., and Gottman, J.M. (1989). Observacion de la Interaccion: Introduccion al Analisis Secuencial, Ediciones Morata, S.L."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"137","article-title":"Validaci\u00f3n Inter-operador de VideobserverTM Inter-operator reliability of VideobserverTM Valida\u00e7\u00e3o Inter-operador de VideobserverTM","volume":"16","author":"Fortes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cuad. Psicol. Deporte"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2014.990483","article-title":"Effects of forward trunk lean on hamstring muscle kinematics during sprinting","volume":"33","author":"Higashihara","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2017.1375548","article-title":"Differences in hamstring activation characteristics between the acceleration and maximum-speed phases of sprinting","volume":"36","author":"Higashihara","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8927415","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8927415","article-title":"Joint Torque and Mechanical Power of Lower Extremity and Its Relevance to Hamstring Strain during Sprint Running","volume":"2017","author":"Zhong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Healthc. Eng."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.09.005","article-title":"Hamstring muscle kinematics and activation during overground sprinting","volume":"41","author":"Yu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2017.02.002","article-title":"Mechanism of hamstring muscle strain injury in sprinting","volume":"6","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sport Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181f23fe8","article-title":"Hamstring musculotendon dynamics during stance and swing phases of high-speed running","volume":"43","author":"Chumanov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000404","article-title":"How joint torques affect hamstring injury risk in sprinting swing-stance transition","volume":"47","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.07.007","article-title":"Do non-contact injuries occur during high-speed running in elite football? Preliminary results from a novel GPS and video-based method","volume":"26","author":"Aiello","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"314","article-title":"Multi-Directional Sprint Training Improves Change-Of-Direction Speed and Reactive Agility in Young Highly Trained Soccer Players","volume":"15","author":"Born","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2020.96271","article-title":"Curve sprinting in soccer: Relationship with linear sprints and vertical jump performance","volume":"37","author":"Loturco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2019.1677391","article-title":"New curve sprint test for soccer players: Reliability and relationship with linear sprint","volume":"38","author":"Olivares","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"744","article-title":"Curve Sprinting in Soccer: Kinematic and Neuromuscular Analysis","volume":"41","author":"Santalla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515599631","article-title":"Epidemiology of hamstring strains in 25 NCAA sports in the 2009\u20132010 to 2013\u20132014 academic years","volume":"43","author":"Dalton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17159\/2078-516X\/2021\/v33i1a11955","article-title":"Position-specific physical and technical demands during the 2019 COPA Am\u00e9rica Football tournament","volume":"33","author":"Kubayi","year":"2021","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"563","article-title":"Differences in the Most Demanding Passages of Play in Football Competition","volume":"17","author":"Casamichana","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13309","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.13309","article-title":"Analysis of professional soccer players in competitive match play based on submaximum intensity periods","volume":"10","author":"Caro","year":"2022","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2023.116006","article-title":"Positional and temporal differences in peak match running demands of elite football","volume":"40","author":"Thoseby","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2020.97067","article-title":"Worst case scenario match analysis and contextual variables in professional soccer players: A longitudinal study","volume":"37","author":"Fortes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2022.110884","article-title":"Comparison of training and match load between metabolic and running speed metrics of professional Spanish soccer players by playing position","volume":"39","author":"Morcillo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clemente, F.M., Rabbani, A., Conte, D., Castillo, D., Afonso, J., Clark, C.C.T., Nikolaidis, P.T., Rosemann, T., and Knechtle, B. (2019). Training\/match external load ratios in professional soccer players: A full-season study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16173057"}],"container-title":["Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2411-5142\/10\/2\/201\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:44:52Z","timestamp":1760031892000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2411-5142\/10\/2\/201"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["jfmk10020201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jfmk10020201","relation":{},"ISSN":["2411-5142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2411-5142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]]}}}