{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:27:27Z","timestamp":1791232047271,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFMK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is more prevalent in young athletes and women. A deficit of knee flexor strength and a H\/Q strength ratio below 0.6 in athletes are risk factors. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to determine if there are differences in the strength of the knee musculature, joint work, and H\/Q ratio between professional and junior elite basketball players and sexes, since there are differences in the incidence of ACL injuries between these groups. Methods: Forty-three professional (27 male and 16 female) and 42 junior elite (28 male and 14 female) basketball players were evaluated. Dynamometric knee flexion and extension measurements were performed on both lower limbs at three angular velocities: 30\u00b0\/s, 120\u00b0\/s, and 180\u00b0\/s. Concentric knee flexion and extension strength variables were measured in Newtons, the strength ratio between flexors and extensors in H\/Q ratio, and muscle work (product of force times displacement) in Joules. Comparisons of the measured variables were made between categories and sexes. Results: Significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) were found between categories (professional and junior) in all measured strength parameters as well as in joint work. No differences were found between categories in the H\/Q ratios. Significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) were found between sexes in most measured strengths and joint work. However, no differences were found in most of the H\/Q ratios. Female basketball players have lower values of strength and muscle work than male players, however, in the H\/Q ratio data there are no differences between the two groups. The same occurs between junior and professional athletes. Conclusions: The authors conclude that flexor and extensor strength values should be analyzed in isolation and not in terms of the H\/Q ratio.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk10020204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T05:09:12Z","timestamp":1748840952000},"page":"204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Differences in Strength, Muscle Work, and Hamstring\/Quadriceps Ratio in Professional and Junior Elite Basketball Players According to Sex"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0931-9779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Coto Mart\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"San Juan de Dios Foundation, 28016 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Health Sciences Department, San Juan de Dios School of Nursing and Physical Therapy, Comillas Pontifical University, 28350 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6287-035X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00e9stor","family":"P\u00e9rez Mallada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Juan de Dios Foundation, 28016 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Health Sciences Department, San Juan de Dios School of Nursing and Physical Therapy, Comillas Pontifical University, 28350 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Research in Technology (IIT), ICAI School of Engineering, Comillas Pontifical University, 28015 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3869-3626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Jes\u00fas","family":"Mart\u00ednez Beltr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Juan de Dios Foundation, 28016 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Health Sciences Department, San Juan de Dios School of Nursing and Physical Therapy, Comillas Pontifical University, 28350 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0936-6060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Cu\u00e9llar Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Juan de Dios Foundation, 28016 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Health Sciences Department, San Juan de Dios School of Nursing and Physical Therapy, Comillas Pontifical University, 28350 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"GICAF Research Group, Department of Education, Research Methods and Evaluation, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2532-8112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo Jos\u00e9","family":"Borr\u00e1s Luj\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Club Estudiantes de Baloncesto, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar Ot\u00edn","family":"Arroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Club Estudiantes de Baloncesto, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8111-176X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Ana","family":"S\u00e1enz-Nu\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research in Technology (IIT), ICAI School of Engineering, Comillas Pontifical University, 28015 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4482-9470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Arribas-Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Juan de Dios Foundation, 28016 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Health Sciences Department, San Juan de Dios School of Nursing and Physical Therapy, Comillas Pontifical University, 28350 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002908","article-title":"Strength and biomechanical risk factors for noncontact ACL injury in elite female footballers: A prospective study","volume":"54","author":"Collings","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. 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