{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:37:07Z","timestamp":1790879827891,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education","award":["MNiSW-2023\/SPRINT)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MNiSW-2023\/SPRINT)"]}]},{"name":"Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education","award":["NCN-2022\/001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCN-2022\/001"]}]},{"name":"National Science Centre, Poland","award":["MNiSW-2023\/SPRINT)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MNiSW-2023\/SPRINT)"]}]},{"name":"National Science Centre, Poland","award":["NCN-2022\/001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCN-2022\/001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFMK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Repeated short maximal sprints induce high blood lactate concentrations and may influence neuromuscular coordination, but the relationship between lactate accumulation and inter-limb asymmetry in elite athletes remains unclear. Objectives: This study sought to investigate how blood lactate dynamics during repeated sprint efforts relate to sprint performance and inter-limb muscle asymmetry in elite female sprinters. Methods: Eight elite women (21.3 \u00b1 5.4 y; 54.2 \u00b1 5.1 kg; 165.4 \u00b1 4.3 cm) performed four sets of five all-out 50 m sprints (1 min rest between reps; 5 min between sets). Sprint times were electronically timed. Capillary lactate was measured at rest and 1 min\/4 min post-set. Quadricep, hamstring, and gluteal asymmetry was assessed via textile electromyography. Nonparametric statistics (Spearman\u2019s \u03c1, Friedman test) were applied. Results: From Set 1 to Set 4, sprint time fell from 7.25 \u00b1 0.13 s to 7.07 \u00b1 0.16 s (p = 0.044), 1 min lactate rose from 8.51 \u00b1 2.65 to 15.60 \u00b1 2.66 mmol\/L (p &lt; 0.001), and 4 min lactate from 7.16 \u00b1 2.32 to 13.64 \u00b1 2.76 mmol\/L (p = 0.002). Muscle group asymmetries decreased (p &lt; 0.01), with lactate at 1 min, correlating negatively with quadriceps (\u03c1 = \u22120.59) and gluteal (\u03c1 = \u22120.48) asymmetry. Conclusions: In elite female sprinters, progressive lactate accumulation during repeated 50 m bouts is linked to faster times and reduced muscle asymmetry, suggesting that lactate may enhance neuromuscular coordination under fatigue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk10020213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T10:10:16Z","timestamp":1749031816000},"page":"213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Repeated Sprint Performance and Inter-Limb Asymmetry in Elite Female Sprinters: A Study of Lactate Dynamics and Lower Limb Muscle Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6656-6993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Go\u0142a\u015b","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3628-8849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Terbalyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9749-5278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariola","family":"Gepfert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6551-9151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Roczniok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleskander","family":"Matusi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Kotu\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3371-9663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Pietraszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4374-4822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Zaj\u0105c","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3921","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-012-2379-8","article-title":"Mechanical determinants of 100-m sprint running performance","volume":"112","author":"Morin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. 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