{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T16:44:24Z","timestamp":1793033064187,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Rijeka","award":["uniri-biomed-18-41"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["uniri-biomed-18-41"]}]},{"name":"University of Rijeka","award":["uniri-iskusni-biomed-23-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["uniri-iskusni-biomed-23-6"]}]},{"name":"University of Rijeka","award":["uniri-biomed-18-283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["uniri-biomed-18-283"]}]},{"name":"University of Rijeka","award":["uniri-iz-25-66"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["uniri-iz-25-66"]}]},{"name":"University of Rijeka","award":["uniri-iz-25-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["uniri-iz-25-16"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFMK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Fatigue can be a useful tool to understand the effects of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior on musculoskeletal health in university students. Methods: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine gender differences in the relationships between fatigue and specific types and levels of PA, posture, sleep quality (SQ), and non-specific low back pain (NS-LBP) in young adult university students aged 18\u201325 years. A total of 180 students completed all required tests. Results: Female students had higher total fatigue as they generally engaged in more PA in contrast to male students, who had higher total fatigue when they engaged in less moderate and less vigorous PA. With increasing sedentary behavior, overall fatigue was pronounced in both sexes, although female students spent significantly more time sitting. Poorer SQ correlated with NS-LBP and higher levels of sleep-related fatigue in female students. Males with pronounced hypekyphosis and females with pronounced lordosis were more fatigued. In addition, fatigue was more pronounced in female students with a higher extensor\/flexor ratio, suggesting that trunk extensors are more fatigued due to the need to maintain lumbar spine stability. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the choice of PA should be gender-specific to prevent chronic musculoskeletal disorders and fatigue in young adult university students.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk10030307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T11:41:53Z","timestamp":1754653313000},"page":"307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Fatigue, Different Types of Physical Activity, Postural Changes, and Sleep Quality in University Students\u2014Part II Analyses from a Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Verner","family":"Marijan\u010di\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvije","family":"\u0160egulja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences I, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8596-6175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirela","family":"Vu\u010dkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5801-4489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana","family":"Sovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanislav","family":"Peharec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6769-5263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanja","family":"Grubi\u0107 Kezele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7252-2340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordana","family":"Star\u010devi\u0107-Klasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60646-1","article-title":"Global physical activity levels: Surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects","volume":"380","author":"Hallal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"o348","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.o348","article-title":"Lack of physical activity is a global problem","volume":"376","author":"Haseler","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"World Health Organization Global Health Risks: Mortality and Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risks. 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