{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:36:43Z","timestamp":1760060203198,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFMK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) poses significant physiological challenges, especially during early postoperative recovery. While the long-term benefits of structured rehabilitation are well documented, data on short-term effects\u2014particularly during the critical early inpatient phase\u2014remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term impact of a structured exercise program on cardiopulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, physical performance, oxidative stress markers, and quality of life in LDLT recipients. Methods: Four LDLT recipients (2 males, 2 females; mean age 48.00 \u00b1 18.35 years) underwent a 4-week inpatient rehabilitation protocol. Weeks 1\u20132 involved conventional care, while weeks 3\u20134 included structured exercise consisting of early mobilization and inspiratory muscle training. Outcome measures included cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), spirometry, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (PImax, PEmax), 6 min walk distance (6MWD), lower limb muscle strength, Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ), and serum oxidative stress markers (total antioxidant capacity [TAC] and malondialdehyde [MDA]). Results: All patients demonstrated postoperative declines in VO2 peak, PImax, PEmax, and TAC. Structured exercise yielded clinically meaningful improvements in respiratory muscle strength, notably in female and younger participants. Two younger patients showed increased 6MWD; however, no patient regained preoperative VO2 peak. TAC levels decreased following the intervention, and MDA levels remained stable in most cases. Conclusions: A two-week structured exercise program during early postoperative recovery may provide partial benefits in respiratory muscle strength and physical performance but is insufficient to restore full cardiopulmonary function in LDLT recipients. Longer rehabilitation periods may be necessary to achieve preoperative recovery levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk10030313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T15:16:37Z","timestamp":1755184597000},"page":"313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Short-Term Structural Exercise on Cardiopulmonary Function, Quality of Life, and Oxidative Status in Liver Transplant Recipients: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6080-0568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narubet","family":"Mekkhayai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Science, Multidisciplinary and Interdisciplinary School (MIdS), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8468-1533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jirakrit","family":"Leelarungrayub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Science, Multidisciplinary and Interdisciplinary School (MIdS), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1029-6606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Supatcha","family":"Konghakote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rungtiwa","family":"Kanthain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khanittha","family":"Wonglangka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4294-8647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunhawit","family":"Junrungsee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2820-3929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mujalin","family":"Prasannarong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Science, Multidisciplinary and Interdisciplinary School (MIdS), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a015602","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a015602","article-title":"Overview of the Indications and Contraindications for Liver Transplantation","volume":"4","author":"Farkas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. 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