{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T05:08:56Z","timestamp":1785820136355,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"BIOMETEC department, University of Catania","award":["PIACERI 2024\u20132026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIACERI 2024\u20132026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFMK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Moderate physical activity (PA) exerts powerful systemic and neuroprotective effects, reducing chronic disease risk and enhancing cognitive and psychological well-being. PA promotes brain plasticity by upregulating neurotrophic factors and stimulating neurogenesis. Given the established role of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) in neuronal survival, differentiation, and anti-apoptotic signaling, we aimed to investigate whether moderate PA modulates the endogenous expression of PACAP and its specific receptor PAC1R in the DG and cerebellar cortex. Methods: To this end, twenty-four rats were distributed into sedentary or exercise groups. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses were performed to assess PACAP and PAC1R expression. Co-expression with doublecortin (DCX), a marker of immature neurons, was evaluated to explore the direct relationship between PACAP signaling and neurogenesis. Results: Our results showed that moderate PA induced a significant up-regulation of PACAP and PAC1R in both the DG and cerebellar cortex compared to sedentary controls. Moreover, high co-expression of PACAP and DCX was detected in these regions, suggesting an involvement of PACAP in exercise-induced neurogenic processes. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that moderate physical activity is associated with enhanced PACAP\/PAC1R signaling and DCX expression in neurogenic regions, warranting further investigation into its specific contribution to exercise-induced brain plasticity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk11010037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T08:26:36Z","timestamp":1768465596000},"page":"37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Moderate Exercise Stimulates PACAP-Mediated Neurogenesis in Rat Dentate Gyrus and Cerebellar Cortex"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0173-4885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grazia","family":"Maugeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Di Bartolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Palmeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata Grazia","family":"D\u2019Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2513-1349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desiree","family":"Brancato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0160-9040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Concetta","family":"Federico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1114-8265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Velia","family":"D\u2019Agata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8260-8890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Musumeci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maugeri, G., D\u2019amico, A.G., Federico, C., Saccone, S., D\u2019agata, V., and Musumeci, G. (2024). Moderate Physical Activity Increases the Expression of ADNP in Rat Brain. Int. J. Mol. 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