{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T22:27:59Z","timestamp":1769207279973,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFMK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Neoprene knee sleeves are commonly used to enhance joint stability and mechanical performance during resistance training. However, the specific influence of sleeve density on the force\u2013velocity\u2013power (F\u2013V\u2013P) profile during multi-joint lower-body exercises such as the back squat remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the theoretical F\u2013V\u2013P parameters derived from back squat performance while wearing low-density (LD) versus high-density (HD) knee sleeves. Methods: Fifteen resistance-trained males completed an incremental back squat test under both LD and HD conditions. A linear position transducer recorded barbell displacement and velocity. Individual force\u2013velocity relationships were modelled to determine maximal theoretical force (F0), velocity (V0), power (Pmax), and the F\u2013V slope. Paired-sample t-tests, linear mixed models, and Cohen\u2019s d effect sizes were calculated. Clinical relevance was assessed using a threshold defined as 0.2 \u00d7 the standard deviation of the HD condition. Bayesian analyses were conducted to estimate the probability and magnitude of the observed effects. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed between sleeve conditions for F0, V0, Pmax, or F\u2013V slope (p &gt; 0.05, d \u2264 0.37). Nonetheless, HD sleeves yielded slightly higher mean values for F0, V0, and Pmax, exceeding the predefined threshold for practical relevance. Bayesian models showed moderate probabilities (~0.80) that HD sleeves outperformed LD, though with limited chances of crossing the clinical significance threshold. Conclusions: Although HD sleeves do not produce systematic changes in F\u2013V\u2013P parameters, their increased material stiffness may provide small yet practically meaningful mechanical advantages in high-force resistance training contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk11010047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T18:35:56Z","timestamp":1769193356000},"page":"47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Knee Sleeve Density on Theoretical Neuromuscular Capacities Derived from the Force\u2013Velocity\u2013Power Profile in the Back Squat"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0070-0475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Leschot-Gatica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas, Licenciatura en Ciencias de la Actividad F\u00edsica, Concepci\u00f3n 4030000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Romero-Vera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de la Sant\u00edsima Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n 4030000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1264-9822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"\u00d1ancupil-Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, University of Los Lagos, Puerto Montt 5400000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9392-2319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Mosqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Educaci\u00f3n, Universidad del Bio-Bio Bio, Chillan 3780000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6003-5107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Molina-M\u00e1rquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Educaci\u00f3n F\u00edsica, Facultad de Educaci\u00f3n, Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillan 3780000, Chile"},{"name":"Programa Doctorado en Ciencias de la Actividad F\u00edsica, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9311-6576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Y\u00e1\u00f1ez-Sep\u00falveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Vi\u00f1a del Mar 2520000, Chile"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Esp\u00edritu Santo, Samborond\u00f3n 092301, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0004-3089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"Montalva-Valenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Entrenador en Actividad F\u00edsica y Deporte, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Universidad Bernardo O\u2019Higgins, Santiago 8370040, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7001-9004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Guzm\u00e1n-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Kinesiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tom\u00e1s, Talca 3460000, Chile"},{"name":"Pedagog\u00eda en Educaci\u1f79n F\u00edsica, Facultad de Educaci\u1f79n, Universidad Aut\u1f79noma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2165\/11537690-000000000-00000","article-title":"Developing maximal neuromuscular power. 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