{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T04:27:44Z","timestamp":1787632064277,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol.","JFMK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Executive functions (EFs) decline with aging, impacting functional independence. While resistance training (RT) is a promising non-pharmacological intervention, the optimal modality and duration for cognitive benefits remain unclear. Flywheel RT (FRT) imposes greater motor control and attentional demands than traditional RT (TRT), potentially enhancing EFs. Objective: To compare the effects of a 36-week FRT versus TRT program on executive function and serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels in healthy older women. Methods: This parallel-group randomized controlled trial allocated 64 older women (overall mean age 66.8 \u00b1 4.6 years; FRT group: 68.0 \u00b1 4.8 years; TRT group: 65.5 \u00b1 4.1 years) to either FRT (n = 25) or TRT (n = 21) for two weekly sessions over 36 weeks. Executive function was assessed using the Victoria Stroop Test (inhibitory control), Digit Span Test (working memory), and Trail Making Test (cognitive flexibility). Serum IGF-1 was quantified via chemiluminescence. Intention-to-treat analyses with ANCOVA were performed. Results: After 36 weeks, both groups showed significant within-group improvements in inhibitory control (mean reduction from pre to post: FRT: 15.2 \u00b1 10.4 to 14.8 \u00b1 7.4 s; TRT: 20.4 \u00b1 11.8 to 15.6 \u00b1 7.3 s; p = 0.028, \u03b7p2 = 0.38) and working memory (Digit Span Forward: FRT: 6.2 \u00b1 1.7 to 7.9 \u00b1 2.0; TRT: 6.7 \u00b1 1.5 to 8.7 \u00b1 1.8; p &lt; 0.001, \u03b7p2 = 0.84). The B\/A ratio of the Trail Making Test improved significantly more in the FRT group (73.0 \u00b1 65.2 to 87.5 \u00b1 68.1 s) compared to the TRT group (67.3 \u00b1 54.1 to 137.7 \u00b1 83.6 s; group \u00d7 time interaction: p = 0.001, \u03b7p2 = 0.13). No significant changes in serum IGF-1 concentrations were observed in either group (FRT: 112.9 \u00b1 25.4 to 115.3 \u00b1 21.3 ng\/mL; TRT: 104.7 \u00b1 27.5 to 103.0 \u00b1 28.9 ng\/mL; p = 0.88, \u03b7p2 = 0.002). Adherence was high (only 4 out of 46 participants did not complete all 72 sessions), and no severe adverse events were reported. Conclusions: Flywheel training appears particularly effective for enhancing cognitive flexibility, likely due to its higher cognitive-motor demands. The absence of significant changes in circulating IGF-1 suggests that the observed cognitive benefits may not be mediated by systemic endocrine pathways, although this does not exclude the possibility of local central nervous system adaptations or changes in other neurotrophic factors not assessed in this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk11030325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T14:20:36Z","timestamp":1787322036000},"page":"325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-Term Flywheel Resistance Training Enhances Cognitive Flexibility in Older Women: A 36-Week Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2857-9903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Luiza da Cruz","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa\u2014Vi\u00e7osa Campus, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil"},{"name":"Human Morphophysiology Analysis Laboratory (HUMAN), Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa\u2014Vi\u00e7osa Campus, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4939-136X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo Augusto Garcia","family":"Agostinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa\u2014Vi\u00e7osa Campus, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil"},{"name":"Human Morphophysiology Analysis Laboratory (HUMAN), Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa\u2014Vi\u00e7osa Campus, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5799-0733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanderson Matheus Lopes","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa\u2014Vi\u00e7osa Campus, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil"},{"name":"Human Morphophysiology Analysis Laboratory (HUMAN), Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa\u2014Vi\u00e7osa Campus, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thalia Miranda","family":"Rufino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa\u2014Vi\u00e7osa Campus, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil"},{"name":"Human Morphophysiology Analysis Laboratory (HUMAN), Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa\u2014Vi\u00e7osa Campus, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7446-0603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo Silveira","family":"Goulart Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa\u2014Vi\u00e7osa Campus, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil"},{"name":"Human Morphophysiology Analysis Laboratory (HUMAN), Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa\u2014Vi\u00e7osa Campus, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella Evangelista","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa\u2014Vi\u00e7osa Campus, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil"},{"name":"Human Morphophysiology Analysis Laboratory (HUMAN), Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa\u2014Vi\u00e7osa Campus, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Eliza Patroc\u00ednio de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa\u2014Vi\u00e7osa Campus, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil"},{"name":"Human Morphophysiology Analysis Laboratory (HUMAN), Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa\u2014Vi\u00e7osa Campus, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1929-9132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9dison Andr\u00e9s","family":"P\u00e9rez-Bedoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Morphophysiology Analysis Laboratory (HUMAN), Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa\u2014Vi\u00e7osa Campus, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil"},{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education, Recreation and Sport, Polit\u00e9cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid, Medell\u00edn 050022, Antioquia, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1386-8883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osvaldo Costa","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa\u2014Vi\u00e7osa Campus, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil"},{"name":"Human Morphophysiology Analysis Laboratory (HUMAN), Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa\u2014Vi\u00e7osa Campus, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112768","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of exercise interventions for cognitive health in older adults: A network meta-analysis","volume":"206","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101776","article-title":"Effects of exercise interventions on executive function in old adults with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"82","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, S., Fan, Y., You, B., Zhang, H., Cai, Z., Zhang, S., and Tian, H. (2026). The Muscle\u2013Brain Axis in Aging: Mechanistic and Clinical Perspectives on Resistance Training and Cognitive Function. Biology, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15020154"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1999.0734","article-title":"The Unity and Diversity of Executive Functions and Their Contributions to Complex \u201cFrontal Lobe\u201d Tasks: A Latent Variable Analysis","volume":"41","author":"Miyake","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cogn. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-113011-143750","article-title":"Executive Functions","volume":"64","author":"Diamond","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2020.103810","article-title":"Effects of physical exercise on executive function in cognitively healthy older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"114","author":"Xiong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Nurs. Stud."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S198697","article-title":"The association between cognition and dual-tasking among older adults: The effect of motor function type and cognition task difficulty","volume":"14","author":"Ehsani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017729","article-title":"Executive function in daily life: Age-related influences of executive processes on instrumental activities of daily living","volume":"25","author":"Vaughan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mirelman, A., Herman, T., Brozgol, M., Dorfman, M., Sprecher, E., Schweiger, A., Giladi, N., and Hausdorff, J.M. (2012). Executive Function and Falls in Older Adults: New Findings from a Five-Year Prospective Study Link Fall Risk to Cognition. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040297"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cota, A.D.R., Bedoya, \u00c9.A.P., Agostinho, P.A.G., Leite, L.B., Schneider, A., Forte, P., Monteiro, A.M., Branquinho, L., Teixeira, J.E., and de Oliveira, C.E.P. (2025). The Effect of Flywheel Resistance Training on Executive Function in Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Physiologia, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/physiologia5030022"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-023-00341-5","article-title":"Recent advances on the molecular mechanisms of exercise-induced improvements of cognitive dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-39783-2","article-title":"Physical exercise and major depressive disorder in adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Moreira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000004195","article-title":"Effects of Different Types of Resistance Training and Detraining on Functional Capacity, Muscle Strength, and Power in Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Study","volume":"36","author":"Filho","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003230","article-title":"Resistance Training for Older Adults: Position Statement From the National Strength and Conditioning Association","volume":"33","author":"Fragala","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2025.01.023","article-title":"Flywheel resistance training: Functionality and strength in older women\u2014A randomized controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"Agostinho","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2025.2575025","article-title":"Flywheel resistance training and depressive symptoms in older women: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Bedoya","year":"2026","journal-title":"Aging Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2020.1763740","article-title":"Improving cognitive and physical function through 12-weeks of resistance training in older adults: Randomized controlled trial","volume":"38","author":"Santos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s11556-019-0217-2","article-title":"Functional and\/or structural brain changes in response to resistance exercises and resistance training lead to cognitive improvements\u2014A systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Herold","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Aging Phys. Act."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzaa013","article-title":"Potential Indirect Mechanisms of Cognitive Enhancement After Long-Term Resistance Training in Older Adults","volume":"100","author":"Macaulay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59105-0","article-title":"Instability Resistance Training improves Working Memory, Processing Speed and Response Inhibition in Healthy Older Adults: A Double-Blinded Randomised Controlled Trial","volume":"10","author":"Eckardt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2015.07.008","article-title":"Effects of different types of physical activity on the cognitive functions and attention in older people: A randomized controlled study","volume":"70","author":"Iuliano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.494","article-title":"Resistance Training and Executive Functions: A 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"170","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Intern Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01292-x","article-title":"Effects of Exercise Training Interventions on Executive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"50","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s11556-020-00240-y","article-title":"The effects of cognitive-motor training interventions on executive functions in older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Wollesen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Aging Phys. Act."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-022-00527-7","article-title":"Effects of Acute Resistance Exercise on Executive Function: A Systematic Review of the Moderating Role of Intensity and Executive Function Domain","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Med.-Open"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2017.03.004","article-title":"Skeletal muscle functional and structural adaptations after eccentric overload flywheel resistance training: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Moreira","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000020","article-title":"Validation of a new tool for the assessment of study quality and reporting in exercise training studies: TESTEX","volume":"13","author":"Smart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Evid. Based Healthc."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.09.011","article-title":"Effects of resistance training on functional strength and muscle mass in 70-year-old individuals with pre-sarcopenia: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Vikberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20150668","article-title":"Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT): Modified Delphi study","volume":"96","author":"Slade","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acr053","article-title":"Victoria Stroop Test: Normative data in a sample group of older people and the study of their clinical applications in the assessment of inhibition in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"26","author":"Bayard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.6.3.218","article-title":"Validation of malingered amnesia measures with a large clinical sample","volume":"6","author":"Greiffenstein","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2010.04.005","article-title":"Executive function and instrumental activities of daily living in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Marshall","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1982.0083","article-title":"Some cognitive effects of frontal-lobe lesions in man","volume":"298","author":"Milner","year":"1982","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.021","article-title":"Effects of classic progressive resistance training versus eccentric-enhanced resistance training in people with multiple sclerosis","volume":"99","author":"Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.05.010","article-title":"Resistance training and functional plasticity of the aging brain: A 12-month randomized controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"Nagamatsu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, J., Su, X., and Xu, C. (2022). Effects of exercise intervention on executive function of middle-aged and elderly people: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Front Aging Neurosci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.960817"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12784","article-title":"Effect of elastic band-based high-speed power training on cognitive function, physical performance and muscle strength in older women with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"17","author":"Yoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002847","article-title":"Resistance Training Performed With Single and Multiple Sets Induces Similar Improvements in Muscular Strength, Muscle Mass, Muscle Quality, and IGF-1 in Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"34","author":"Cunha","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pantoja-Cardoso, A., Arag\u00e3o-Santos, J.C., Santos, P.D.J., Dos-Santos, A.C., Silva, S.R., Lima, N.B.C., Vasconcelos, A.B.S., Fortes, L.d.S., and Da Silva-Grigoletto, M.E. (2023). Functional Training and Dual-Task Training Improve the Executive Function of Older Women. Geriatrics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics8050083"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S36514","article-title":"Enhancing cognitive functioning in the elderly: Multicomponent vs resistance training","volume":"19","author":"Forte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-6374(99)00103-7","article-title":"IGF-1 bioavailability is increased by resistance training in older women with low bone mineral density","volume":"113","author":"Parkhouse","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1461-3","article-title":"Strength training does not influence serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"110","author":"Goekint","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4501","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhab102","article-title":"Prefrontal Plasticity after a 3-Month Exercise Intervention in Older Adults Relates to Enhanced Cognitive Performance","volume":"31","author":"Soshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"}],"container-title":["Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2411-5142\/11\/3\/325\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T04:15:43Z","timestamp":1787631343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2411-5142\/11\/3\/325"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jfmk11030325"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jfmk11030325","relation":{},"ISSN":["2411-5142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2411-5142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]}}}