{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T05:19:21Z","timestamp":1787721561351,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021856","name":"Ministero dell'universit\u00e0 e della ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PRIN_2022_PNRR CUP: I53D23007060001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN_2022_PNRR CUP: I53D23007060001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["PRIN_2022_PNRR CUP: I53D23007060001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN_2022_PNRR CUP: I53D23007060001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0341vw408","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol.","JFMK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Aging is characterized by functional decline in different organs and systems. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of 6-month low-to moderate intensity supervised Social Dance (SD) program on muscular fitness, and clinical\u2013biochemical and hematological parameters associated with healthy aging. Circulating CD34+ and serum antioxidant potential were assessed as exploratory outcomes. Methods: Seventy-nine elderly (aged &gt; 65 years) were enrolled and randomized. Analyses included 49 participants who provided baseline and follow-up data and were assigned to the SD group (SDG, n = 24) or control group (CG, n = 25). Clinical\u2013biochemical and hematological profiles, oxidative stress markers, circulating CD34+ cells, Physical fitness components and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) and EuroQol five-dimensional (EQ-5D) questionnaires were assessed at T0 and T1 to both groups. Results: Significant group \u00d7 time interactions favored the SDG for HDL cholesterol (p=0.003), Hemoglobin (p = 0.031), and Hematocrit (p = 0.005). A significant increase in BAP (\u2206% = 33.3; p &lt; 0.001) and PASE (\u2206%= 79.6 vs. 56.9; p &lt; 0.05) were observed among the SDG; conversely, only a positive trend (\u2206% = 12.9 SDG vs. \u22125.1 CG) was observed for EQ-VAS at T1; these findings were not supported by significant group \u00d7 time interaction. CD34+ cells increased significantly only in the CG. Isometric muscular performance declined in both groups. Conclusions: a 6-month SD program may provide beneficial effects on selected biochemical markers (i.e., a positive impact on HDL, hematological profile, antioxidant defenses) and perceived health outcomes in the elderly. However, it appears insufficient to preserve isometric muscular performance, suggesting that complementary resistance-based strategies may be needed to optimize neuromuscular adaptations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk11030330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T11:47:19Z","timestamp":1787572039000},"page":"330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Effects of Social Dance on Muscular Fitness and Longevity-Related Circulating Biomarkers in the Elderly"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8595-1387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annamaria","family":"Mancini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Human Movement and Wellbeing Sciences, Parthenope University of Naples, 80133 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate \u201cFranco Salvatore\u201d, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6539-7796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Vitucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate \u201cFranco Salvatore\u201d, 80131 Napoli, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Economics, Law, Cybersecurity and Sport Sciences, Parthenope University of Naples, 80133 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Quinzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3500-0591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Tarsitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University of Rome, 00166 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loretta Francesca","family":"Cosco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Human Movement and Wellbeing Sciences, Parthenope University of Naples, 80133 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1082-1585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreina","family":"Alfieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Human Movement and Wellbeing Sciences, Parthenope University of Naples, 80133 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate \u201cFranco Salvatore\u201d, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1967-1640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Martone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Law, Cybersecurity and Sport Sciences, Parthenope University of Naples, 80133 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Dei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Human Movement and Wellbeing Sciences, Parthenope University of Naples, 80133 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Ghirelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate \u201cFranco Salvatore\u201d, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DaiMedLab and Transfusion Unit, AOU Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Scalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate \u201cFranco Salvatore\u201d, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0755-6143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasqualina","family":"Buono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Human Movement and Wellbeing Sciences, Parthenope University of Naples, 80133 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate \u201cFranco Salvatore\u201d, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5426-5317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gian Pietro","family":"Emerenziani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2026, February 18). Ageing and Health. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/ageing-and-health."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2025, December 16). Rapporto ISS COVID-19 n. 6\/2021\u2014Assistenza Sociosanitaria Residenziale Agli Anziani Non Autosufficienti: Profili Bioetici e Biogiuridici. Versione del 10 Marzo 2021. Available online: https:\/\/www.iss.it\/rapporti-covid-19\/-\/asset_publisher\/btw1J82wtYzH\/content\/rapporto-iss-covid-19-n.-6-2021-assistenza-sociosanitaria-residenziale-agli-anziani-non-autosufficienti-profili-bioetici-e-biogiuridici.-versione-del-10-marzo-2021."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-025-03021-8","article-title":"Aging, Longevity, and Healthy Aging: The Public Health Approach","volume":"37","author":"Gianfredi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mancini, N., Polito, R., Colecchia, F.P., Colella, D., Messina, G., Grosu, V.T., Messina, A., Mancini, S., Monda, A., and Ruberto, M. (2025). Effectiveness of Multisport Play-Based Practice on Motor Coordination in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the KTK Test. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk10020199"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2020.06.009","article-title":"Physical Activity and Healthy Aging","volume":"36","author":"Eckstrom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Geriatr. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-025-03065-w","article-title":"Effect of Physical Activity Interventions on Physical and Mental Health of the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"(2026, February 18). Physical Activity. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/physical-activity."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martone, D., Vitucci, D., Mancini, A., Ermidis, G., Panduro, J., Cosco, L.F., Randers, M.B., Larsen, M.N., Mohr, M., and Buono, P. (2023). Bone Health, Body Composition and Physiological Demands in 70\u201385-Year-Old Lifelong Male Football Players. Sports, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/sports11100205"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612821666150130122032","article-title":"Treating Sarcopenia in Older and Oldest Old","volume":"21","author":"Martone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-01123-3","article-title":"The Effects of a Moderate Physical Activity Intervention on Physical Fitness and Cognition in Healthy Elderly with Low Levels of Physical Activity: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"15","author":"Galle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695297","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/695297","article-title":"Effects of Aerobic Exercise Based upon Heart Rate at Aerobic Threshold in Obese Elderly Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"2015","author":"Emerenziani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lai, X., Bo, L., Zhu, H., Chen, B., Wu, Z., Du, H., and Huo, X. (2021). Effects of Lower Limb Resistance Exercise on Muscle Strength, Physical Fitness, and Metabolism in Pre-Frail Elderly Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. BMC Geriatr., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02386-5"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16218","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016218","article-title":"Physical Activity Programs for Balance and Fall Prevention in Elderly: A Systematic Review","volume":"98","author":"Thomas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afos.2025.05.005","article-title":"Sarcopenia Prevention in Older Adults: Effectiveness and Limitations of Non-Pharmacological Interventions","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Sarcopenia"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjfa.2025.100062","article-title":"Associations between Sarcopenia Operationalized Using Muscle Strength or Power and Health-Related Parameters","volume":"14","author":"Calvani","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Frailty Aging"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Riebe, D., Ehrman, J.K., Liguori, G., and Magal, M. (2025, December 16). ACSM\u2019s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/nlmcatalog\/101692713."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-017-3562-8","article-title":"Effect of Lifelong Football Training on the Expression of Muscle Molecular Markers Involved in Healthy Longevity","volume":"117","author":"Mancini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2903","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-021-04733-1","article-title":"Regular Football Training Down-Regulates miR-1303 Muscle Expression in Veterans","volume":"121","author":"Mancini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reth.2024.04.013","article-title":"The Impact of Acute and Chronic Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on Stem Cell Mobilization: A Review of Effects in Healthy and Diseased Individuals across Different Age Groups","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Regen. Ther."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H392","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00592.2017","article-title":"Lower Resting and Exercise-Induced Circulating Angiogenic Progenitors and Angiogenic T Cells in Older Men","volume":"314","author":"Ross","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2006.00242.x","article-title":"Haematopoietic Stem Cells and Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Healthy Men: Effect of Aging and Training","volume":"5","author":"Thijssen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-005-7954-5","article-title":"Age- and Gender-Related Alterations of the Number and Clonogenic Capacity of Circulating CD34+ Progenitor Cells","volume":"6","author":"Moresi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2017.03.003","article-title":"CD34+ Cell Count Predicts Long Lasting Life in the Oldest Old","volume":"164","author":"Mandraffino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"292","article-title":"CD34+ Circulating Progenitor Cells after Different Training Programs","volume":"36","author":"Balague","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/agm2.12121","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in Elderly Population: A Prevention Screening Study","volume":"3","author":"Gorni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.016","article-title":"Aerobic Exercise Training Partially Reverses the Impairment of Nrf2 Activation in Older Humans","volume":"160","author":"Ostrom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947928","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1947928","article-title":"Effect of Different Exercise Modalities on Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review","volume":"2021","author":"Thirupathi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2048391","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2048391","article-title":"Characterization of the Effects of a Six-Month Dancing as Approach for Successful Aging","volume":"2019","author":"Vaccaro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., and Ma, H. (2025). The Impact of Dance on the Mental Health of Older Adults: A Network Meta-Analysis of Anxiety, Depression, and Well-Being. Front. Psychol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1733911"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13795","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.13795","article-title":"Effects of Self-Selected versus Motivational Music on Lower Limb Muscle Strength and Affective State in Middle-Aged Adults","volume":"10","author":"Greco","year":"2022","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(93)90053-4","article-title":"The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE): Development and Evaluation","volume":"46","author":"Washburn","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, J., Abd Rahman, N.A., Wyon, M., and Shaharudin, S. (2024). The Effects of Dance Interventions on Physical Function and Quality of Life among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review. PLoS ONE, 19.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0301236"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, K., Zhao, Z., Zhang, J., Li, J., and Lipowski, M. (2026). Square Dance as a Cultural Practice: A Mediating Pathway of Social Participation toward Well-Being in Older Adults. Front. Public Health, 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1799066"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"58","article-title":"The 2020 Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone (PAR-Q+) and Electronic Physical Activity Readiness Medical Examination (ePARmed-X+): 2020 PAR-Q+","volume":"12","author":"Warburton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Fit. J. Can."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198205000-00012","article-title":"Psychophysical Bases of Perceived Exertion","volume":"14","author":"Borg","year":"1982","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Lima, A.B., Torres-Costoso, A., Zymbal, V., Gouveia, \u00c9.R., and Baptista, F. (2023). Risk Phenotype for Sarcopenia in Older Adults from Amazonas, Brazil; a Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0292801"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-2-451","article-title":"Handgrip and Quadriceps Muscle Endurance Testing in Young Adults","volume":"2","author":"White","year":"2013","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valenzuela, P.L., Maffiuletti, N.A., Tringali, G., De Col, A., and Sartorio, A. (2020). Obesity-Associated Poor Muscle Quality: Prevalence and Association with Age, Sex, and Body Mass Index. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03228-y"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8294568","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8294568","article-title":"Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly: Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Italian Version","volume":"2018","author":"Covotta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Gerontol. Geriatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2012.02.008","article-title":"Interim Scoring for the EQ-5D-5L: Mapping the EQ-5D-5L to EQ-5D-3L Value Sets","volume":"15","author":"Janssen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mirabelli, P., Di Noto, R., Lo Pardo, C., Morabito, P., Abate, G., Gorrese, M., Raia, M., Pascariello, C., Scalia, G., and Gemei, M. (2008). Extended Flow Cytometry Characterization of Normal Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells by Simultaneous Detection of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and Early Hematopoietic Antigens: Implication for Erythroid Differentiation Studies. BMC Physiol., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6793-8-13"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vitucci, D., Amoresano, A., Nunziato, M., Muoio, S., Alfieri, A., Oriani, G., Scalfi, L., Frusciante, L., Rigano, M.M., and Pucci, P. (2021). Nutritional Controlled Preparation and Administration of Different Tomato Pur\u00e9es Indicate Increase of \u03b2-Carotene and Lycopene Isoforms, and of Antioxidant Potential in Human Blood Bioavailability: A Pilot Study. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041336"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonavolont\u00e0, V., Greco, F., Sabatini, U., Saavedra, F.J., Fischetti, F., Baldari, C., Guidetti, L., Vaccaro, M.G., and Emerenziani, G.P. (2021). Effects of Ballroom Dance on Physical Fitness and Reaction Time in Experienced Middle-Aged Adults of Both Genders. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18042036"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zilidou, V.I., Frantzidis, C.A., Romanopoulou, E.D., Paraskevopoulos, E., Douka, S., and Bamidis, P.D. (2018). Functional Re-Organization of Cortical Networks of Senior Citizens After a 24-Week Traditional Dance Program. Front. Aging Neurosci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00422"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Douka, S., Zilidou, V.I., Lilou, O., and Manou, V. (2019). Traditional Dance Improves the Physical Fitness and Well-Being of the Elderly. Front. Aging Neurosci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00075"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.4235\/agmr.22.0066","article-title":"A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Dance Programs on Physical Performance: Appropriate Health Promotion for Healthy Older Adults","volume":"26","author":"Sooktho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Geriatr. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waugh, M., Youdan, G., Casale, C., Balaban, R., Cross, E.S., and Merom, D. (2024). The Use of Dance to Improve the Health and Wellbeing of Older Adults: A Global Scoping Review of Research Trials. PLoS ONE, 19, Correction in PLoS ONE 2025, 20, e0322890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0311889.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0322890"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2022.104838","article-title":"Effectiveness of Multicomponent Training on Physical Performance in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"104","author":"Bosch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4100","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06442-4","article-title":"Myelo-Lymphoid Lineage Restriction Occurs in the Human Haematopoietic Stem Cell Compartment before Lymphoid-Primed Multipotent Progenitors","volume":"9","author":"Belluschi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"afae104","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae104","article-title":"Effectiveness of Dance Interventions for Falls Prevention in Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"53","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13225","article-title":"Exercise for Sarcopenia in Older People: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis","volume":"14","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Yin, Y., Yu, Z., Lin, Q., and Liu, Y. (2024). Does Dance Therapy Benefit the Improvement of Blood Pressure and Blood Lipid in Patients with Hypertension? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1421124"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40040","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000040040","article-title":"The Impact of Integrated Health Qigong and Dance Exercise on Cardiovascular Function in Middle-Aged and Elderly Women","volume":"103","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp109","article-title":"Pulse Pressure and Risk of Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Hypertension and Coronary Artery Disease: An INternational VErapamil SR-Trandolapril STudy (INVEST) Analysis","volume":"30","author":"Bangalore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3283469976","article-title":"Effects of Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction on Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis in 73,913 Patients","volume":"29","author":"Reboldi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tero-Vescan, A., Degens, H., Matsakas, A., \u0218tef\u0103nescu, R., \u0150sz, B.E., and Slevin, M. (2025). Exercise-Induced Muscle\u2013Fat Crosstalk: Molecular Mediators and Their Pharmacological Modulation for the Maintenance of Metabolic Flexibility in Aging. Pharmaceuticals, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18081222"},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"44","article-title":"Dancing for Healthy Aging: Functional and Metabolic Perspectives","volume":"25","author":"Krause","year":"2019","journal-title":"Altern. Ther. Health Med."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"479","article-title":"Physical Benefits of Dancing for Healthy Older Adults: A Review","volume":"17","author":"Keogh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Aging Phys. Act."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2023.02.011","article-title":"Pilot Testing of a Simplified Dance Intervention for Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Blood Lipids in Obese Older Women","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geriatr. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-023-03562-9","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging","volume":"97","author":"Jomova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S158513","article-title":"Oxidative Stress, Aging, and Diseases","volume":"13","author":"Liguori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morucci, G., Ryskalin, L., Pratesi, S., Branca, J.J.V., Modesti, A., Modesti, P.A., Gulisano, M., and Gesi, M. (2022). Effects of a 24-Week Exercise Program on Functional Fitness, Oxidative Stress, and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Elderly Subjects. Medicina, 58.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58101341"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Militello, R., Luti, S., Gamberi, T., Pellegrino, A., Modesti, A., and Modesti, P.A. (2024). Physical Activity and Oxidative Stress in Aging. Antioxidants, 13.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202404.0293.v1"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.444","article-title":"Exercise Effects on Physiological Function during Aging","volume":"132","author":"Radak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1177\/1089313X241302358","article-title":"10-Week Ballroom Dance Program Improves Mood and Influences Health-Related Elements in Healthy Middle-Aged Adults","volume":"29","author":"Hirahara","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Dance Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5449","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-025-01594-w","article-title":"Systemic Deficits in Lipid Homeostasis Promote Aging-Associated Impairments in B Cell Progenitor Development","volume":"47","author":"Vicenzi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022017933","article-title":"Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging and Leukemia Transformation","volume":"142","author":"Mistry","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2010.1086","article-title":"Intermittent Hypoxia Mobilizes Hematopoietic Progenitors and Augments Cellular and Humoral Elements of Innate Immunity in Adult Men","volume":"12","author":"Serebrovskaya","year":"2011","journal-title":"High. Alt. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00376.2002","article-title":"Circulating Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells in Runners","volume":"93","author":"Bonsignore","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnq007","article-title":"Environmental Volunteering and Health Outcomes over a 20-Year Period","volume":"50","author":"Pillemer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30495334251385836","DOI":"10.1177\/30495334251385836","article-title":"Effects of Participation in Volunteer Activities on CD34 Hematopoietic Stem Cells","volume":"11","author":"Chang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sage Open Aging"}],"container-title":["Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2411-5142\/11\/3\/330\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T04:26:50Z","timestamp":1787718410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2411-5142\/11\/3\/330"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jfmk11030330"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jfmk11030330","relation":{},"ISSN":["2411-5142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2411-5142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]}}}