{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T04:30:18Z","timestamp":1791606618295,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol.","JFMK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Maximal fat oxidation (MFO) is the highest rate of fat oxidation attained during incremental exercise, with cardiorespiratory fitness being its primary correlate. How body composition and regional anthropometry explain MFO variability remains poorly understood. While fat-free mass is a known correlate, regional morphology, such as skinfold-corrected girth, has been proposed to capture local muscle mass contributions. However, MFO is an absolute rate (g\u00b7min\u22121) whereas peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak, typically mL\u00b7kg\u22121\u00b7min\u22121) is conventionally reported relative to body mass. The statistical consequences of this dimensional mismatch, and the question of whether regional girths independently account for MFO variance or merely reflect body size artefacts, remain unexamined. Methods: Forty-three national-team collegiate athletes (21 men, 22 women) underwent a maximal incremental treadmill test with breath-by-breath indirect calorimetry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis and a full International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) anthropometric profile including six skinfold-corrected girths. The primary model regressed absolute MFO on absolute peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak, L\u00b7min\u22121). Sensitivity models added corrected girths, fat-free mass, sex, stature and body mass. Internal validity was assessed by leave-one-out cross-validation (Q2) and 5000-sample bootstrapping, with Benjamini\u2013Hochberg control of the false discovery rate. Results: Absolute VO2peak explained 60.4% of the variance in MFO (Q2 = 0.563; \u03b2 = 0.191 g\u00b7min\u22121 per L\u00b7min\u22121, 95% CI 0.142 to 0.240; bootstrap CI 0.133 to 0.227). Adding corrected calf girth changed the explained variance by 0.006 (p = 0.424) and reduced Q2 to 0.541. No corrected girth survived the false-discovery-rate control, and fat-free mass added nothing (p = 0.268). When aerobic capacity was instead expressed per kilogram of body mass, model fit was substantially worse (R2 = 0.415) and corrected calf girth appeared to be strongly and independently associated with MFO (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: In trained athletes, absolute aerobic capacity explains MFO variance, whereas regional anthropometry and body composition provide no incremental information. Normalising predictor variables by body mass creates statistical artefacts that falsely attribute explanatory power to structural girths. Future studies with larger sample sizes and diverse athletic populations are needed to confirm these findings across different training statuses and metabolic profiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk11030349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T10:10:33Z","timestamp":1788430233000},"page":"349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Absolute Aerobic Capacity Predominates over Body Composition and Regional Anthropometry in Explaining Maximal Fat Oxidation in National-Team Collegiate Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3645-3621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Abraham","family":"Herrera-Amante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutritional Assessment and Nutritional Care Laboratory, Division of Health Sciences, Tonala University Center, University of Guadalajara, Tonala 45425, Mexico"},{"name":"Ibero-American Network of Researchers in Applied Anthropometry, 04120 Almeria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2203-2074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brenda Cecilia","family":"Jaime-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutritional Assessment and Nutritional Care Laboratory, Division of Health Sciences, Tonala University Center, University of Guadalajara, Tonala 45425, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2634-1220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego A.","family":"Bonilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ibero-American Network of Researchers in Applied Anthropometry, 04120 Almeria, Spain"},{"name":"Research Group in Sports Nutrition (DBSS-Nut), Dynamical Business & Science Society\u2014DBSS International SAS, Bogot\u00e1 110311, Colombia"},{"name":"Hologenomiks Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9311-6576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Y\u00e1\u00f1ez-Sep\u00falveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education and Humanities, School of Sport Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Vi\u00f1a del Mar 2520000, Chile"},{"name":"Department of Health Research, Icen Cognis, 38370 La Matanza de Acentejo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1486-4814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ra\u00fal","family":"Hoyos-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ibero-American Network of Researchers in Applied Anthropometry, 04120 Almeria, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Sports Organization, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3697-4013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar Octavio","family":"Ramos-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutritional Assessment and Nutritional Care Laboratory, Division of Health Sciences, Tonala University Center, University of Guadalajara, Tonala 45425, Mexico"},{"name":"Ibero-American Network of Researchers in Applied Anthropometry, 04120 Almeria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7412-7624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Francisco","family":"L\u00f3pez-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Espiritu Santo, Samborondon 092301, Ecuador"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica Atl\u00e1ntico Mediterr\u00e1neo\u2014UTAMED, 29590 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13424","article-title":"Assessment of maximal fat oxidation during exercise: A systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Castillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand. 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