{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:07:12Z","timestamp":1789103232804,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol.","JFMK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: This study evaluated sex differences in physical activity levels, anthropometric parameters, strength\u2013endurance performance, and acute physiological responses to high-intensity strength\u2013endurance exercise in emergency medical services students. Methods: Participants included 36 male and 23 female students aged 19\u201329 years. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and strength\u2013endurance performance was assessed with the 3-Minute Burpee Test (3-MBT). Blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, perceived exertion, and handgrip strength were recorded before and after the 3-MBT. Results: Men reported significantly higher PA levels than women (1963 vs. 1367 MET\u00b7min\/week, p &lt; 0.001). Women had a significantly higher percentage of body fat (31.0% vs. 19.4%, p &lt; 0.001). Men completed more 3-MBT cycles than women (44 vs. 33 cycles\/3 min, p &lt; 0.001), whereas the between-sex difference in mean heart rate was not significant after Benjamini\u2013Hochberg correction (170.2 vs. 162.2 bpm; adjusted p = 0.075). Systolic blood pressure was higher in men before and after the test (p &lt; 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively) and increased significantly in both sexes (p &lt; 0.001). Oxygen saturation and handgrip strength decreased significantly after the 3-MBT in both groups (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Men demonstrated greater strength\u2013endurance performance than women, although both sexes were classified as having \u201cpoor\u201d performance according to established 3-MBT normative values. Men reported higher physical activity, whereas women had a higher body fat percentage. These findings demonstrate sex-based differences in physical activity, body composition, and strength\u2013endurance performance among paramedic students.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk11030359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:46:33Z","timestamp":1788875193000},"page":"359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex-Based Differences in Anthropometric Profiles and Physiological Responses to High-Intensity Strength\u2013Endurance Exercise in Paramedic Students: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1492-252X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Podstawski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Wellness Research Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawoche\u0144skiego 13, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6290-1192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Borys\u0142awski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Angelus Silesius University of Applied Sciences in Wa\u0142brzych, Zamkowa 4, 58-300 Wa\u0142brzych, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Kukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Micha\u0142owskiego 12, 31-126 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jadwiga","family":"Snarska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, \u017bo\u0142nierska 14C, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Ba\u0142dyga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Wellness Research Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawoche\u0144skiego 13, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2788-4304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Attila","family":"Szabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Sz\u00e9chenyi Istv\u00e1n University, Egyetem t\u00e9r. 1, H-9026 Gy\u0151r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"MacQuarrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3228-2930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jayden R.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Holsworth Biomedical Research Centre, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Jastrz\u0119bski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, \u017bo\u0142nierska 14C, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keebler, J.R., Lazzara, E.H., and Misasi, P. 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