{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T20:08:26Z","timestamp":1793045306712,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,25]],"date-time":"2020-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFMK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fibromyalgia is a syndrome currently considered idiopathic and multifactorial rheumatic that causes an increase in muscle tension and is characterized by muscle pain and chronic fibrous tissues\u2014widespread, fluctuating and migrating\u2014associated with stiffness, asthenia, cognitive disorders, insomnia or sleep disorders, alterations in sensitivity to stimuli. In affected patients, there may be anxiety or depressive disorder development. The aim of this study is, with the help of an interdisciplinary team, to evaluate the correlations between this syndrome and oral health. A literature review was conducted, analyzing the most common scientific databases, more than 200 studies were obtained. Subsequently to the application of filters and revision by the authors, only 18 articles were considered eligible for this review. From the results, it is clear that the correlations between fibromyalgia and oral health mainly concern pain in the oro-maxillofacial district, especially in the temporomandibular joint. This certainly could help for faster diagnosis of the syndrome, which is currently difficult to identify.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk5010007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]],"date-time":"2020-01-27T07:41:11Z","timestamp":1580110871000},"page":"7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Oral Health and Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Systemic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1272-7015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"De Stefano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98100 Messina ME, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8789-1680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98100 Messina ME, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rosaria Anna","family":"Muscatello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98100 Messina ME, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemente","family":"Cedro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98100 Messina ME, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Cicci\u00f9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, 98100 Messina ME, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Rullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Surgical and Biomedical Sciences Naples University, 80100 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Gaeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98100 Messina ME, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0335-4165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Fiorillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, 98100 Messina ME, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-4086-3.00033-3","article-title":"Fibromyalgia","volume":"119","author":"Sumpton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330203","article-title":"The American College of Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for the Classification of Fibromyalgia. Report of the Multicenter Criteria Committee","volume":"33","author":"Wolfe","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1252","article-title":"Comorbid fibromyalgia: A qualitative review of prevalence and importance","volume":"22","author":"Fitzcharles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15022","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.22","article-title":"Fibromyalgia","volume":"1","author":"Hauser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)06468-X","article-title":"Fibromyalgia falls foul of a fallacy","volume":"353","author":"Quintner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)91287-9","article-title":"Muscle biopsy findings of possible diagnostic importance in primary fibromyalgia (fibrositis, myofascial syndrome)","volume":"2","author":"Henriksson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91950-Q","article-title":"Fibromyalgia syndrome, a problem of tautology","volume":"342","author":"Cohen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szychlinska, M.A., Yamakado, K., Castorina, A., and Ljubisavljevic, M. (2017). The \u201cJournal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology\u201d Journal Club Series: Highlights on Recent Papers in Musculoskeletal Disorders. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol., 2.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk2020010"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2018.10.008","article-title":"AAPT Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia","volume":"20","author":"Arnold","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1950","article-title":"Biology and therapy of fibromyalgia: Pain in fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Staud","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2007.09.003","article-title":"Central sensitivity syndromes: A new paradigm and group nosology for fibromyalgia and overlapping conditions, and the related issue of disease versus illness","volume":"37","author":"Yunus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"421","article-title":"ROBIS: A new tool to assess risk of bias in systematic reviews was developed","volume":"109","author":"Whiting","year":"2018","journal-title":"Recenti Prog. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx344","article-title":"Association Between Risk-of-Bias Assessments and Results of Randomized Trials in Cochrane Reviews: The ROBES Meta-Epidemiologic Study","volume":"187","author":"Savovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000564","article-title":"Biases in Randomized Trials: A Conversation Between Trialists and Epidemiologists","volume":"28","author":"Mansournia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2010.02.009","article-title":"The effect of fibromyalgia and widespread pain on the clinically significant temporomandibular muscle and joint pain disorders--a prospective 18-month cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Velly","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31820215f5","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders and associated clinical comorbidities","volume":"27","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1179\/crn.2011.022","article-title":"Comparison of patients with orofacial pain of different diagnostic categories","volume":"29","author":"Karibe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2009.10.003","article-title":"Central sensitivity syndromes: Mounting pathophysiologic evidence to link fibromyalgia with other common chronic pain disorders","volume":"12","author":"Kindler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain Manag. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-012-0477-y","article-title":"Characteristics of referred muscle pain to the head from active trigger points in women with myofascial temporomandibular pain and fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Svensson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Headache Pain"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.104965","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders and functional somatic syndromes: Deliberations for the dentist","volume":"23","author":"Suma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.04.007","article-title":"Disorders of the masticatory muscles","volume":"57","author":"Stern","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dent. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2013.02.014","article-title":"Orofacial pain and sensory characteristics of chronic patients compared with controls","volume":"115","author":"Teixeira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.4081\/reumatismo.2014.767","article-title":"Pain in fibromyalgia and related conditions","volume":"66","author":"Cassisi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reumatismo"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"107","article-title":"Topical review: The enigma of fibromyalgia","volume":"28","author":"Jin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Oral Facial Pain Headache"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-015-0528-2","article-title":"Specific and number of comorbidities are associated with increased levels of temporomandibular pain intensity and duration","volume":"16","author":"Dahan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Headache Pain"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2014.12.005","article-title":"Parasympathetic reactivity in fibromyalgia and temporomandibular disorder: Associations with sleep problems, symptom severity, and functional impairment","volume":"16","author":"Crofford","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1590\/2176-9451.20.1.127-133.sar","article-title":"TMD and chronic pain: A current view","volume":"20","author":"Furquim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dent. Press J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbr.2014.07.004","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders in fibromyalgia syndrome: A short-communication","volume":"55","author":"Gui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Reumatol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-0934-0","article-title":"Changes in resting state functional connectivity after repetitive transcranial direct current stimulation applied to motor cortex in fibromyalgia patients","volume":"18","author":"Cummiford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X20160017","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders in fibromyalgia patients: Are there different pain onset?","volume":"74","author":"Fujarra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arq NeuroPsiquiatr"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12367","article-title":"A systematic review of the comorbidity between Temporomandibular Disorders and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Robinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"318","article-title":"Fibromyalgia in patients with chronic CCD and CMD\u2014A retrospective study of 555 patients","volume":"36","author":"Hulse","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Isaia, B., Ravarotto, M., Finotti, P., Nogara, M., Piran, G., Gamberini, J., Biz, C., Masiero, S., and Frizziero, A. (2019). Analysis of Dental Malocclusion and Neuromotor Control in Young Healthy Subjects through New Evaluation Tools. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol., 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk4010005"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31829057ae","article-title":"Agomelatine in the treatment of fibromyalgia: A 12-week, open-label, uncontrolled preliminary study","volume":"33","author":"Bruno","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fiorillo, L., Cervino, G., Herford, A.S., Lauritano, F., D\u2019Amico, C., Lo Giudice, R., Laino, L., Troiano, G., Crimi, S., and Cicciu, M. (2018). Interferon Crevicular Fluid Profile and Correlation with Periodontal Disease and Wound Healing: A Systemic Review of Recent Data. Int. J. Mol. Sci, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19071908"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"1","article-title":"The effect of a functional appliance in the management of temporomandibular joint disorders in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"66","author":"Isola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Minerva Stomatol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9352130","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9352130","article-title":"Efficacy of Alveolar Ridge Preservation after Maxillary Molar Extraction in Reducing Crestal Bone Resorption and Sinus Pneumatization: A Multicenter Prospective Case-Control Study","volume":"2018","author":"Lombardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fiorillo, L., De Stefano, R., Cervino, G., Crimi, S., Bianchi, A., Campagna, P., Herford, A.S., Laino, L., and Cicci\u00f9, M. (2019). Oral and Psychological Alterations in Haemophiliac Patients. Biomedicines, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines7020033"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004459","article-title":"Upper First Premolar Positioning Evaluation for the Stability of the Dental Occlusion: Anatomical Considerations","volume":"29","author":"Sambataro","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wroe, A.L., and Bowers, H.M. (2019). Beliefs about sharing illness experiences: Development of a scale and relationship with symptoms of fibromyalgia. Br. J. Health Psychol.","DOI":"10.1037\/t73550-000"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.06.013","article-title":"Utility of the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research in assessing psychological disorders in fibromyalgia patients","volume":"256","author":"Tesio","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Onder, H., Hamamci, M., Alpua, M., and Ulusoy, E.K. (2019). Comorbid fibromyalgia in migraine patients: Clinical significance and impact on daily life. Neurol. Res., 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2019.1630164"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Minerbi, A., Gonzalez, E., Brereton, N.J.B., Anjarkouchian, A., Dewar, K., Fitzcharles, M.A., Chevalier, S., and Shir, Y. (2019). Altered microbiome composition in individuals with fibromyalgia. Pain.","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001640"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacobs, H., Bockaert, M., Bonte, J., D\u2019Haese, M., Degrande, J., Descamps, L., Detaeye, U., Goethals, W., Janssens, J., and Matthys, K. (2019). The Impact of a Group-Based Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation Program on the Quality of Life in Patients With Fibromyalgia: Results From the QUALIFIBRO Study. J. Clin. Rheumatol.","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000001120"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000003636","article-title":"Bone Scrapers Versus Piezoelectric Surgery in the Lateral Antrostomy for Sinus Floor Elevation","volume":"28","author":"Stacchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e112","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000003210","article-title":"Tissue fluorescence imaging (VELscope) for quick non-invasive diagnosis in oral pathology","volume":"28","author":"Herford","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000003433","article-title":"Association Between Odontoma and Impacted Teeth","volume":"28","author":"Isola","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lo Giudice, G., Cutroneo, G., Centofanti, A., Artemisia, A., Bramanti, E., Militi, A., Rizzo, G., Favaloro, A., Irrera, A., and Lo Giudice, R. (2015). Dentin morphology of root canal surface: A quantitative evaluation based on a scanning electronic microscopy study. BioMed Res. Int., 2015.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/164065"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"1351","article-title":"Evaluation of a porcine matrix with and without platelet-derived growth factor for bone graft coverage in pigs","volume":"27","author":"Herford","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601105010071","article-title":"Histomorphometric evaluation of anorganic bovine bone coverage to reduce autogenous grafts resorption: Preliminary results","volume":"5","author":"Maiorana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Open Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601206010051","article-title":"Protein-signaled guided bone regeneration using titanium mesh and Rh-BMP2 in oral surgery: A case report involving left mandibular reconstruction after tumor resection","volume":"6","author":"Herford","year":"2012","journal-title":"Open Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.111256","article-title":"Flowable resin and marginal gap on tooth third medial cavity involving enamel and radicular cementum: A SEM evaluation of two restoration techniques","volume":"23","author":"Giudice","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8040361","article-title":"Molecular Biomarkers Related to Oral Carcinoma: Clinical Trial Outcome Evaluation in a Literature Review","volume":"2019","author":"Cervino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7848735","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7848735","article-title":"Oral Health Impact Profile in Celiac Patients: Analysis of Recent Findings in a Literature Review","volume":"2018","author":"Cervino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.92613","article-title":"Tooth fragment reattachment technique on a pluri traumatized tooth","volume":"15","author":"Giudice","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Conserv. Dent."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crimi, S., Fiorillo, L., Bianchi, A., D\u2019Amico, C., Amoroso, G., Gorassini, F., Mastroieni, R., Marino, S., Scoglio, C., and Catalano, F. (2019). Herpes Virus, Oral Clinical Signs and QoL: Systematic Review of Recent Data. Viruses, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/v11050463"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cervino, G., Terranova, A., Briguglio, F., De Stefano, R., Fam\u00e0, F., D\u2019Amico, C., Amoroso, G., Marino, S., Gorassini, F., and Mastroieni, R. (2019). Diabetes: Oral health related quality of life and oral alterations. Biomed. Res. Int., 2019.","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5907195"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601812010181","article-title":"Comparison of Two Routes of Administration of Dexamethasone to Reduce the Postoperative Sequelae After Third Molar Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Troiano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laino, L., Cicci\u00f9, M., Fiorillo, L., Crimi, S., Bianchi, A., Amoroso, G., Monte, I.P., Herford, A.S., and Cervino, G. (2019). Surgical Risk on Patients with Coagulopathies: Guidelines on Hemophiliac Patients for Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16081386"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fiorillo, L. (2019). Chlorhexidine Gel Use in the Oral District: A Systematic Review. Gels, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels5020031"},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Stefano, R.D., Bruno, A., Muscatello, M., Cedro, C., Cervino, G., and Fiorillo, L. (2019). Fear and anxiety managing methods during dental treatments: Systematic review of recent data. Minerva Stomatol., in press."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Stefano, R. (2019). Psychological Factors in Dental Patient Care: Odontophobia. Medicina, 55.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55100678"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.10.028","article-title":"Anger and ego-defence mechanisms in non-psychiatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Zoccali","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7570","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i24.7570","article-title":"Role of negative affects in pathophysiology and clinical expression of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Muscatello","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1007\/s10880-009-9182-7","article-title":"Depression, anxiety and anger in subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome patients","volume":"17","author":"Muscatello","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol. Med. Settings"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6402","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i28.6402","article-title":"Personality traits and emotional patterns in irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Muscatello","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2411-5142\/5\/1\/7\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:30:29Z","timestamp":1760362229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2411-5142\/5\/1\/7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,25]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["jfmk5010007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jfmk5010007","relation":{},"ISSN":["2411-5142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2411-5142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,25]]}}}