{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T14:39:54Z","timestamp":1781188794167,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFMK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This narrative review aims to give an overview of some postural evaluation systems currently used in patients with haemophilia. Among them, first, we analyse the HJHS scale, recognized as a specific evaluation tool for haemophilic arthropathy. Second, we focus on other systems usually used in non-haemophilic patients that have also shown good applicability in this patient category, such as gait analysis, stabilometry, and baropodometric examination. This review underlines the use these tools could have in clinical practice to identify the early postural alterations in patients with haemophilia and set up personalised rehabilitation programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk7030068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T01:40:13Z","timestamp":1662601213000},"page":"68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Postural Assessment Systems in the Prevention of Haemophilic Arthropathy: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5035-2288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalila","family":"Scaturro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1630-1575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Vitagliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Tomasello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Silvia","family":"Mangano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7389-9035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Signa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Letizia Mauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568-9972(02)00126-X","article-title":"Autoantibodies to factor VIII with catalytic activity","volume":"2","author":"Bayry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200101000-00005","article-title":"Characteristic pattern and management of intra-articular knee lesions in different pediatric age groups","volume":"21","author":"Wessel","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Pediatric Orthop."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(99)00032-6","article-title":"Ankle and hip postural strategies defined by joint torques","volume":"10","author":"Runge","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199607000-00003","article-title":"Effects of hemophilia on articulations of children and adults","volume":"328","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199710000-00014","article-title":"Orthotics and rehabilitation for chronic hemophilic synovitis of the ankle. An overview","volume":"343","author":"Heijnen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.13549","article-title":"Recommendations on multidisciplinary management of elective surgery in people with haemophilia","volume":"24","author":"Escobar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hmida, J., Hilberg, T., Kr\u00fcger, S., Jansen, T.R., Goldmann, G., Oldenburg, J., Wirtz, D.C., and Strauss, A.C. (2021). Changes of static and dynamic spine alignment in patients with severe haemophilia. Haemophilia, 27.","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.14406"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2006.01187.x","article-title":"Computerized pedobarography in the characterization of ankle-foot instabilities of haemophilic patients","volume":"12","author":"Battistella","year":"2006","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2010.02312.x","article-title":"Comprehensive elements of a physiotherapy exercise programme in haemophilia--a global perspective","volume":"16","author":"Blamey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2000.6298","article-title":"Changes in soleus motoneuron pool excitability after artificial knee joint effusion","volume":"81","author":"Hopkins","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27863","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000027863","article-title":"Effectiveness of rehabilitation on pain and function in people affected by hemophilia","volume":"100","author":"Scaturro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200101000-00019","article-title":"Effect of knee joint effusion on quadriceps and soleus motoneuron pool excitability","volume":"33","author":"Hopkins","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.52.11.829","article-title":"Current issues in arthrogenous inhibition","volume":"52","author":"Young","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.14556","article-title":"Effectiveness of physical exercise on postural balance in patients with haemophilia: A systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Carrasco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"e311","article-title":"Postural adjustment after an unexpected perturbation in children with haemophilia","volume":"18","author":"Pereira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.32098\/mltj.02.2022.08","article-title":"Kine-siotaping for the Treatment of Haematomas in Haemophiliacs: A Case Control Study","volume":"12","author":"Scaturro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Muscle Ligaments Tendons J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2002.001677","article-title":"Ar-throgenic muscle response to a simulated ankle joint effusion","volume":"38","author":"Palmieri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.12369","article-title":"Integrated postural analysis in children with haemophilia","volume":"20","author":"Boccalandro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"e18","article-title":"Balance evaluation in haemophilic preadolescent patients using Nintendo Wii Balance Board\u00ae","volume":"23","author":"Carrasco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"871","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of chronic synovitis in patients with haemophilia: Consensus statements from the Italian Associa-tion of HaemophiliaCentres","volume":"196","author":"Napolitano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.14046","article-title":"WFH Guidelines for the Management of Hemophili","volume":"26","author":"Srivastava","year":"2020","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12690","DOI":"10.1002\/rth2.12690","article-title":"The Hemophilia Joint Health Score version 2.1 Validation in Adult Patients Study: A multicenter international study","volume":"6","author":"Abad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res. Pract. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e184","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.12920","article-title":"Gait analysis in children with haemophilia: First Italian experience at the Turin Haemophilia Centre","volume":"22","author":"Forneris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e245","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.14240","article-title":"Static postural balance evaluation and an investigation of the relationship with joint health in children with severe haemophilia: A controlled cross-sectional study","volume":"27","author":"Tat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Gualtierotti, R., Begnozzi, V., Boccalandro, E., Braham, S., Mancuso, M.E., Santagostino, E., and Peyvandi, F. (2020). Baropodometric Barefoot Analysis for Musculoskeletal Health Assessment in Congenital Hemophilia. Res. Pract. Thromb. Haemost., 4, Available online: https:\/\/abstracts.isth.org\/abstract\/baropodometric-barefoot-analysis-for-musculoskeletal-health-assessment-in-congenital-hemophilia\/."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2006.01312.x","article-title":"Hemophilia joint health score reliability study","volume":"12","author":"Hilliard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.12330","article-title":"Hemophilia Joint Health Score 2.1 reliability study","volume":"20","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.12197","article-title":"Using the Haemophilia Joint Health Score for assessment of teenagers and young adults: Exploring reliability and validity","volume":"19","author":"Fischer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20353","article-title":"Validation of a new pediatric joint scoring system from the Interna-tional Hemophilia Prophylaxis Study Group: Validity of the hemophilia joint health score","volume":"63","author":"Feldman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.13631","article-title":"Measurement of joint health in persons with haemophilia: A systematic review of the measurement properties of haemophilia-specific instruments","volume":"25","author":"Gouw","year":"2019","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.14180","article-title":"Evaluating international Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) results com-bined with expert opinion: Options for a shorter HJHS","volume":"26","author":"Kuijlaars","year":"2020","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"s330-6","article-title":"Outcome in moderate haemophilia","volume":"12","author":"Biesma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood Transfus."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.12755","article-title":"Using routine Haemophilia Joint Health Score for international comparisons of haemophilia outcome: Standardization is needed","volume":"22","author":"Nijdam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.13088","article-title":"Choosing outcome assessment tools in haemophilia care and research: A multidisciplinary perspective","volume":"23","author":"Fischer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.13563","article-title":"Clinical relevance of 3D gait analysis in patients with haemophilia","volume":"24","author":"Maugars","year":"2018","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e355","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.13226","article-title":"Sensor-based gait analysis as a simple tool to measure gait in haemophilia patients","volume":"23","author":"Stoof","year":"2017","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.11.011","article-title":"Gait analysis\u2014Available platforms for outcome as-sessment","volume":"51","author":"Brand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2010.02245.x","article-title":"Natural progression of blood-induced joint damage in patients with hae-mophilia: Clinical relevance and reproducibility of three-dimensional gait analysis","volume":"16","author":"Lobet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.14154","article-title":"3D gait analysis, haemo-philia joint health score, leg muscle laterality and biomarkers of joint damage: A cross-sectional comparative assessment of haemophilic arthropathy","volume":"26","author":"Putz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2013.10.022","article-title":"Earlyorthopaedic challenges in haemophilia patients and therapeutic approach","volume":"134","author":"Seuser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2008.01934.x","article-title":"Comparison of biomechanical gait parameters of young children with haemophilia and those of age-matched peers","volume":"15","author":"Stephensen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2007.01429.x","article-title":"Can early subclinical gait changes in children with haemophilia be identified using the GAITRite walkway","volume":"13","author":"Bladen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2007.01613.x","article-title":"Posturographic analysis of balance control in patients with hae-mophilic arthropathy","volume":"14","author":"Gallach","year":"2008","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e212","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.12106","article-title":"The effects of repetitive haemarthrosis on postural balance in children with haemophilia","volume":"19","author":"Souza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2010.02200.x","article-title":"Balance dysfunction in adults with hae-mophilia","volume":"16","author":"Fearn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2008.01720.x","article-title":"Orthopaedic management of haemophilia arthropathy of the ankle","volume":"14","author":"Pasta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2006.01285.x","article-title":"The haemophilic ankle","volume":"12","year":"2006","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"139","article-title":"Does avascular necrosis cause collapse of the dome of the talus in severe haemophilia?","volume":"5","author":"MacNicol","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hae-mophilia"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0268-0033(95)00047-X","article-title":"Generalizability of in-shoe peak pressure measures using the F-scan system","volume":"11","author":"Mueller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."}],"container-title":["Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2411-5142\/7\/3\/68\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:25:11Z","timestamp":1760142311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2411-5142\/7\/3\/68"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jfmk7030068"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jfmk7030068","relation":{},"ISSN":["2411-5142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2411-5142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]]}}}