{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T10:08:21Z","timestamp":1774260501825,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFMK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Extracapsular femoral neck fractures (eFNF) are the third most common type of fracture in traumatology. Intramedullary nailing (IMN) is one of the most frequently used ortho-pedic treatments for eFNF. Blood loss is one of the main complications of this treatment. This study aimed to identify and evaluate the perioperative risk factors that lead to blood transfusion in frail patients with eFNF who undergo IMN. Methods: From July 2020 to December 2020, 170 eFNF-affected patients who were treated with IMN were enrolled and divided into two groups according to blood transfusion: NBT (71 patients who did not need a blood transfusion), and BT (72 patients who needed blood transfusion). Gender, age, BMI, pre-operative hemoglobin levels, in-ternational normalized ratio (INR) level, number of blood units transfused, length of hospital stay, surgery duration, type of anesthesia, pre-operative ASA score, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and mortality rate were assessed. Results: Cohorts differed only for pre-operatively Hb and surgery time (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Patients who have a lower preoperative Hb level and longer surgery time have a high blood-transfusion risk and should be closely followed peri-operatively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk8010027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T01:39:28Z","timestamp":1676943568000},"page":"27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Blood-Transfusion Risk Factors after Intramedullary Nailing for Extracapsular Femoral Neck Fracture in Elderly Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5246-9714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Testa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Section of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Policlinico-San Marco, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8950-1201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Montemagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Section of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Policlinico-San Marco, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1677-927X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Vescio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Section of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Policlinico-San Marco, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Micali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Dermatology Clinic, University Hospital Policlinico-San Marco, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Perrotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0860-2060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Lacarrubba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Dermatology Clinic, University Hospital Policlinico-San Marco, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresio","family":"Avitabile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Section of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Policlinico-San Marco, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Basile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Section of General Surgery, University Hospital Policlinico-San Marco, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5664-8066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vito","family":"Pavone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Section of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Policlinico-San Marco, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1124","article-title":"Femoral neck fracture","volume":"69","author":"Bastard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. 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