{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:56:08Z","timestamp":1792623368935,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFMK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dental professionals are exposed to significant unavoidable physical stress, and theoretical ergonomic recommendations for a sitting workplace are inapplicable in many dental activities. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) represent a serious health problem among dental professionals (prevalence: 64\u201393%), showing involvement of 34\u201360% for the low back and 15\u201325% for the hips. Muscle stress; prolonged sitting; forward bending and twisting of the torso and head; unbalanced working postures with asymmetrical weight on the hips and uneven shoulders; and others are inevitable for dental professionals. Therefore, the approach for the prevention and treatment of WMSDs must be therapeutic and compensatory. This project was conceived to provide a Yoga protocol for dental professionals to prevent or treat WMSDs from a preventive medicine perspective, and it would represent a Yoga-based guideline for the self-cure and prevention of musculoskeletal problems. Methods: Specific Yoga positions (\u0101sana, such as Vir\u0101sana, Virabhadr\u0101sana, Garud\u0101sana, Utkat\u0101sana, Trikon\u0101sana, Anuvitt\u0101sana, Chakr\u0101sana, Uttan\u0101sana, Pashimottan\u0101sana) have been selected, elaborated on and adapted to be practiced in a dental office using a dental stool or the dental office walls or a dental unit chair. The protocol is specifically devised for dental professionals (dentists, dental hygienists and dental assistants) and targeted for the low back, hips and legs (including knees and ankles). The protocol includes Visranta Karaka Sthiti (supported positions) in sitting (Upavistha Sthiti) and standing (Utthistha Sthiti) positions, twisting\/torsions (Parivrtta), flexions\/forward bend positions (Pashima) and extensions\/arching (Purva) for musculo-articular system decompression and mobilization. Results: Over 60 Yog\u0101sana\u2014specifically ideated for back detensioning and mobilization, lumbar lordosis restoration, trunk side elongation, hip release and leg stretches and decontraction\u2014are shown and described. The paper provides a meticulous description for each position, including the detailed movement, recommendations and mistakes to avoid, and the breathing pattern (breath control) in all the breath-driven movements (\u0101sana in viny\u0101sa). An exhaustive analysis of posture-related disorders affecting the lower body among dental professionals is reported, including low-back pain, hip pain and disorders, piriformis syndrome and quadratus femoris dysfunction (gluteal pain), iliopsoas syndrome, multifidus disorders, femoroacetabular and ischiofemoral impingement, spinopelvic mobility, lumbopelvic rhythm, impairment syndromes, lower crossed syndrome, leg pain, knee pain and ankle disorders. Conclusions: A detailed guideline of \u0101sana for low-back decompression, hip joint destress, piriformis and gluteal muscle release, lumbar lordosis recovery and a spinopelvic mobility increase has been elaborated on. The designed Yog\u0101sana protocol represents a powerful tool for dental professionals to provide relief to retracted stiff muscles and unbalanced musculoskeletal structures in the lower body.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk9010006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]],"date-time":"2023-12-24T20:48:37Z","timestamp":1703450917000},"page":"6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["\u0100sana for Back, Hips and Legs to Prevent Musculoskeletal Disorders among Dental Professionals: In-Office Y\u00f3ga Protocol"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7793-6227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Giovanna","family":"Gandolfi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Ergonomics, Posturology and Yoga Therapy for the Degree in Dentistry and for the Degree in Dental Hygiene, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Program in Yoga Therapy for the Specialization Course in Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0071-4463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fausto","family":"Zamparini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4674-1766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Spinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Prati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4154","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4154","article-title":"Ergonomic risk and preventive measures of musculoskeletal disorders in the dentistry environment: An umbrella review","volume":"6","author":"Traversini","year":"2018","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lietz, J., Kozak, A., and Nienhaus, A. 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