{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:49:42Z","timestamp":1760143782138,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFMK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hydrostatic weighing (HW) requires full submersion with the lungs at residual volume (RV) which is uncomfortable. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to find a more comfortable way to complete HW. A HW system was used to complete three comparisons: comparison 1: change in head position (head above water vs. head below water (HAW vs. HBW)), comparison 2: change in lung volume (total lung capacity (TLC) vs. RV), and comparison 3: change in head and lung volume changes. Participants were separated by males (n = 64) and females (n = 58). Comparison 1: HAW resulted in higher mean percent body fat (PBF) than HBW (4.5% overall, 3.8% in males, 5.4% in females, p &lt; 0.05). Comparison 2: TLC resulted in lower mean PBF than RV (5.1% overall, 5.3% in males, 4.8% in females, p &lt; 0.05). Comparison 3: HAW@TLC resulted in significantly lower (1.5% lower, p = 0.003) mean PBF for males but was not significantly lower for females or overall (0.6% higher, p = 0.39, 0.6% lower, p = 0.18, respectively) compared to HBW@RV. In conclusion, keeping the head above water and taking a deep inhale makes HW a more enjoyable, and accessible experience for everyone while still producing accurate PBF results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk9010041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T03:37:57Z","timestamp":1709091477000},"page":"41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A More Comfortable Method for Hydrostatic Weighing: Head above Water at Total Lung Capacity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Erin","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Exercise and Rehabilitative Sciences, Winona State University, Winona, MN 55987, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silas","family":"Bergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Winona State University, Winona, MN 55987, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annabelle","family":"Berggren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Exercise and Rehabilitative Sciences, Winona State University, Winona, MN 55987, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lillian","family":"Brinkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Exercise and Rehabilitative Sciences, Winona State University, Winona, MN 55987, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brianna","family":"Carman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Exercise and Rehabilitative Sciences, Winona State University, Winona, MN 55987, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Crouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Exercise and Rehabilitative Sciences, Winona State University, Winona, MN 55987, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Exercise and Rehabilitative Sciences, Winona State University, Winona, MN 55987, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Twedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Exercise and Rehabilitative Sciences, Winona State University, Winona, MN 55987, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Liguori, G., Feito, Y., Fountaine, C., and Roy, B. 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