{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:35:56Z","timestamp":1789544156877,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]],"date-time":"2024-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFMK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) is known to alter exercise-induced physiological and metabolic responses with chronic (i.e., 7 days) dosing. We examined the effects of acute intake of New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract on 4 h indoor cycling-induced physiological and metabolic responses in a male amateur Ironman athlete (age: 49 years; BMI: 24.3 kg\u00b7m\u22122; V\u02d9O2max: 58.6 mL\u00b7kg\u22121\u00b7min\u22121; maximal aerobic power: 400 W; history: 14 Ironman events in 16 years) three weeks before competition. Indirect calorimetry was used and heart rate was recorded at 30 min intervals during 4 h indoor (~22.4 \u00b0C, relative humidity: ~55%) constant power (165 W) cycling on a Trek Bontrager connected to a Kickr smart trainer. Blood lactate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were taken at 60 min intervals. Study was a single-blind placebo-controlled study with capsules (4 \u00d7 105 mg anthocyanins) taken 2 h before starting the 4 h of cycling. Water was allowed ad libitum with personalised consumption of gels [a total of eight with three with caffeine (100 mg)], two bananas and 8 \u00d7 electrolyte capsules (each 250 mg sodium and 125 mg potassium) at personalised time-points. With NZBC extract (CurraNZ), during 4 h of cycling (mean of 8 measurements), minute ventilation was 8% lower than placebo. In addition, there was no difference for oxygen uptake, with carbon dioxide production found to be 4% lower with NZBC extract. With the NZBC extract, the ventilatory equivalents were lower for oxygen and carbon dioxide by 5.5% and 3.7%; heart rate was lower by 10 beats\u00b7min\u22121; lactate was 40% different with lower lactate at 2, 3 and 4 h; RPE was lower at 2, 3 and 4 h; and carbohydrate oxidation was 11% lower. With NZBC extract, there was a trend for fat oxidation to be higher by 13% (p = 0.096), with the respiratory exchange ratio being lower by 0.02 units. Acute intake of New Zealand blackcurrant extract (420 mg anthocyanins) provided beneficial physiological and metabolic responses during 4 h of indoor constant power cycling in a male amateur Ironman athlete 3 weeks before a competition. Future work is required to address whether acute and chronic dosing strategies with New Zealand blackcurrant provide a nutritional ergogenic effect for Ironman athletes to enhance swimming, cycling and running performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk9030141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T03:07:38Z","timestamp":1724296058000},"page":"141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Beneficial Physiological and Metabolic Effects with Acute Intake of New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract during 4 h of Indoor Cycling in a Male Ironman Athlete: A Case Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4385-8739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark E. T.","family":"Willems","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Chichester, College Lane, Chichester PO19 6PE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2600-3512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tilly J.","family":"Spurr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Chichester, College Lane, Chichester PO19 6PE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Lacey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Richard\u2019s Hospital, Spitalfield Lane, Chichester PO19 6SE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Briggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Chichester, College Lane, Chichester PO19 6PE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2011.596217","article-title":"A 6-month analysis of training-intensity distribution and physiological adaptation in Ironman triathletes","volume":"29","author":"Neal","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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