{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:27:57Z","timestamp":1791296877672,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFMK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Injury prevention\/reduction strategies are driven by data collected through injury surveillance systems. The aim of this review was to describe injury surveillance systems that are used for ongoing surveillance in either a professional or amateur sporting environment. This was an update to a review done in 2015 to determine the gaps in injury surveillance. Methods: A systematic search process of five databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, SCOPUS and ProQuest) was used to discover published research that presented methodological data about the injury surveillance systems implemented by clubs and organisations for ongoing surveillance. Inclusion criteria centred on the population under surveillance and the ongoing nature of that activity. Data extracted and summarised included the level of athlete under surveillance, the data collection mechanism and the personnel involved, the injury definitions applied and the date and country of origin to provide a comprehensive picture of the systems. Results: A total of 21 systems were documented as being used in ongoing injury surveillance, with 57% of these exclusively in the professional\/elite landscapes and 33% at the amateur level. Surveillance systems cater for one sport per athlete entry so there is a gap in research for multi-sport athletes at the amateur level, especially where there is no early specialisation in a multi-sport participation environment. Conclusions: Research in this area will lead to a better understanding of subsequent injury risk for multi-sport athletes who have a higher athlete exposure than single-sport athletes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk9040177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T08:20:52Z","timestamp":1727338852000},"page":"177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Sports Injury Surveillance Systems: A Scoping Review of Practice and Methodologies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Damien","family":"Costello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, School of Science and Computing, Atlantic Technological University, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Irish Concussion Research Centre (ICRC), Atlantic Technological University, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6548-9634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ed","family":"Daly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, School of Science and Computing, Atlantic Technological University, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Irish Concussion Research Centre (ICRC), Atlantic Technological University, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5505-7130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, School of Science and Computing, Atlantic Technological University, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Irish Concussion Research Centre (ICRC), Atlantic Technological University, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101969","article-title":"International Olympic Committee consensus statement: Methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport 2020 (including STROBE Extension for Sport Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS))","volume":"54","author":"Bahr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Holder, Y. (2001). Injury Surveillance Guidelines, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h1587","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h1587","article-title":"Rugby injury surveillance and prevention programmes: Are they effective?","volume":"350","author":"Freitag","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095103","article-title":"Policy change eliminating body checking in non-elite ice hockey leads to a threefold reduction in injury and concussion risk in 11- and 12-year-old players","volume":"50","author":"Black","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2006.03.002","article-title":"The public health impact of injury during sport and active recreation","volume":"9","author":"Finch","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2020.05.021","article-title":"The NICA injury surveillance system: Design, methodology and preliminary data of a prospective, longitudinal study of injuries in youth cross country mountain bike racing","volume":"24","author":"Willick","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.046631","article-title":"Injury surveillance in multi-sport events: The International Olympic Committee approach","volume":"42","author":"Junge","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-143-17","article-title":"The first decade of web-based sports injury surveillance (2004\u20132005 through 2013\u20132014): Methods of the National collegiate athletic Association injury surveillance program and high school reporting information online","volume":"53","author":"Kerr","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-148-17","article-title":"The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in US High School Boys\u2019 Basketball (2005\u20132006 through 2013\u20132014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Men\u2019s Basketball (2004\u20132005 through 2013\u20132014)","volume":"53","author":"Clifton","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2019.12.001","article-title":"Four-year match injury surveillance in male Welsh professional Rugby Union teams","volume":"42","author":"Bitchell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Ther. Sport"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097277","article-title":"Epidemiology of time loss groin injuries in a men\u2019s professional football league: A 2-year prospective study of 17 clubs and 606 players","volume":"52","author":"Mosler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738119854759","article-title":"Lessons on Data Collection and Curation From the NFL Injury Surveillance Program","volume":"11","author":"Dreyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S109","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-199512000-00019","article-title":"The Benefits of Physical Activity in Childhood","volume":"310","author":"Harsha","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1080\/09638230500270776","article-title":"Mental health benefits of physical activity","volume":"14","author":"Saxena","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094639","article-title":"Neuromuscular training injury prevention strategies in youth sport: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Emery","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ehn, M., Teramoto, M., Cushman, D.M., Saad, K., and Willick, S. (2021). The national interscholastic cycling association (Nica) mountain biking injury surveillance system (iss): Analysis of 66,588 student athlete-years of injury data. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18115856"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0410-z","article-title":"Sports Injury Surveillance Systems: A Review of Methods and Data Quality","volume":"46","author":"Ekegren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-104691","article-title":"No association found between body checking experience and injury or concussion rates in adolescent ice hockey players","volume":"56","author":"Eliason","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-103757","article-title":"Body checking in non-elite adolescent ice hockey leagues: It is never too late for policy change aiming to protect the health of adolescents","volume":"56","author":"Emery","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000673","article-title":"Concussion Burden, Recovery, and Risk Factors in Elite Youth Ice Hockey Players","volume":"31","author":"Schneider","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. J. Sport Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516629949","article-title":"Risk of injuries in paralympic track and field differs by impairment and event discipline: A prospective cohort study at the London 2012 Paralympic Games","volume":"44","author":"Blauwet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098039","article-title":"High precompetition injury rate dominates the injury profile at the Rio 2016 Summer Paralympic Games: A prospective cohort study of 51,198 athlete days","volume":"52","author":"Derman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2015.09.025","article-title":"The Epidemiology of Injuries in Football at the London 2012 Paralympic Games","volume":"8","author":"Webborn","year":"2016","journal-title":"PM R"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-406-20","article-title":"Methods of the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program, 2014\u20132015 through 2018\u20132019","volume":"56","author":"Chandran","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-52.3.09","article-title":"Epidemiology of knee sprains in youth, high school, and collegiate American football players","volume":"52","author":"Clifton","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.4085\/284-20","article-title":"Methods of the National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network Surveillance Program (NATIONSP), 2014\u20132015 through 2018-2019","volume":"56","author":"Morris","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0489.19","article-title":"Rule Modifications to Reduce Checking-Related Injuries in High School Boys\u2019 Lacrosse","volume":"56","author":"Guillaume","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097972","article-title":"Gymnastics injury incidence during the 2008, 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games: Analysis of prospectively collected surveillance data from 963 registered gymnasts during Olympic Games","volume":"52","author":"Edouard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-100717","article-title":"Injury frequency and characteristics (location, type, cause and severity) differed significantly among athletics (\u2018track and field\u2019) disciplines during 14 international championships (2007\u20132018): Implications for medical service planning","volume":"54","author":"Edouard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13558","article-title":"Epidemiology of injuries during the Wheelchair Basketball World Championships 2018: A prospective cohort study","volume":"30","author":"Hollander","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.2021.1932632","article-title":"The epidemiology of injury and illness at the Vitality Netball World Cup 2019: An observational study","volume":"50","author":"Bryant","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physician Sportsmed."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeong, H.S., Ha, S., Jeong, D.H., O\u2019sullivan, D.M., and Lee, S.Y. (2021). Injury and illness in world taekwondo junior athletes: An epidemiological study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18042134"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e116382","DOI":"10.5812\/asjsm.116382","article-title":"Sports Injury and Illness Epidemiology: Thailand Team Surveillance during the 30th Southeast Asian Games","volume":"13","author":"Jumroenketpratheep","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000689","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2019-000689","article-title":"Sports injury and illness incidence among South Korean elite athletes in the 2018 Asian Games: A single-physician prospective study of 782 athletes","volume":"7","author":"Lhee","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099349","article-title":"Analysis of water polo injuries during 8904 player matches at FINA World Championships and Olympic games to make the sport safer","volume":"53","author":"Mountjoy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095665","article-title":"Sports injuries and illnesses during the 2015 Winter European Youth olympic festival","volume":"50","author":"Ruedl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-104198","article-title":"Injuries in elite women\u2019s ski jumping: A cohort study following three International Ski Federation (FIS) World Cup seasons from 2017\u20132018 to 2019\u20132020","volume":"56","author":"Stenseth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102945","article-title":"Injury and illness epidemiology in professional Asian football: Lower general incidence and burden but higher ACL and hamstring injury burden compared with Europe","volume":"56","author":"Tabben","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-269-18","article-title":"Descriptive epidemiology of injuries in professional ultimate Frisbee athletes","volume":"55","author":"Hess","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2022.03.017","article-title":"The relationship between team-level and league-level injury rate, type and location in a professional football league","volume":"25","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102373","article-title":"Injury characteristics in male youth athletics: A five-season prospective study in a full-time sports academy","volume":"55","author":"Wik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518825380","article-title":"A 2-Year Prospective Study of Injury Epidemiology in Elite Australian Rugby Sevens: Exploration of Incidence Rates, Severity, Injury Type, and Subsequent Injury in Men and Women","volume":"47","author":"Toohey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.12.004","article-title":"Epidemiology of injuries sustained in professional Australian netball: A three season cohort study","volume":"25","author":"Toohey","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101402","article-title":"Epidemiology of injury and illness in 153 Australian international-level rowers over eight international seasons","volume":"54","author":"Trease","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2022.10845","article-title":"In Professional Male Soccer Players, Time-Loss Groin Injury Is More Associated with the Team Played for than with Training\/Match-Play Duration","volume":"52","author":"Mosler","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944719864450","article-title":"Epidemiology and Impact of Hand and Wrist Injuries in Major and Minor League Baseball","volume":"16","author":"Rhee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hand"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2842","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2020.1802094","article-title":"Epidemiology of injuries in senior men\u2019s field hockey: A two-season prospective observational injury surveillance study","volume":"38","author":"Rees","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738118811315","article-title":"Incidence of Concussion and Head Impacts in Australian Elite-Level Male and Female Cricketers After Head Impact Protocol Modifications","volume":"11","author":"Hill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096401","article-title":"Hamstring injuries in elite Gaelic football: An 8-year investigation to identify injury rates, time-loss patterns and players at increased risk","volume":"52","author":"Roe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2017.08.023","article-title":"Lower limb injuries in men\u2019s elite Gaelic football: A prospective investigation among division one teams from 2008 to 2015","volume":"21","author":"Roe","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2022.06.003","article-title":"Injury incidence, severity, and burden in elite youth soccer players\u2014A 3-year prospective study","volume":"25","author":"Ruf","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12775","article-title":"Developing and Piloting a School-Based Online Adolescent Student-Athlete Concussion Surveillance System","volume":"89","author":"Shendell","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sch. Health"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2018.11.007","article-title":"The design, development, implementation and evaluation of IRISweb; A rugby-specific web-based injury surveillance system","volume":"35","author":"Yeomans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Ther. Sport"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096275","article-title":"Rugby World Cup 2015: World Rugby injury surveillance study","volume":"51","author":"Fuller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101337","article-title":"Improved reporting of overuse injuries and health problems in sport: An update of the Oslo Sport Trauma Research Center questionnaires","volume":"54","author":"Clarsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-103717","article-title":"Methods, challenges and benefits of a health monitoring programme for Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic athletes: The road from London 2012 to Tokyo 2020","volume":"55","author":"Clarsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13086","article-title":"The prevalence of Achilles and patellar tendon injuries in Australian football players beyond a time-loss definition","volume":"28","author":"Docking","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001501","article-title":"Injury and Illness Surveillance in Elite Para Athletes: An Urgent Need for Suitable Illness Prevention Strategies","volume":"100","author":"Fassbender","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14062","article-title":"Injuries in elite-level women\u2019s football\u2014A two-year prospective study in the Irish Women\u2019s National League","volume":"32","author":"Horan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.11.043","article-title":"The association of padded headgear with concussion and injury risk in junior Australian football: A prospective cohort study","volume":"25","author":"Mitra","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2020.01.003","article-title":"Injury types and frequency in Spanish inline hockey players","volume":"42","author":"Cejudo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Ther. Sport"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-092138","article-title":"Injury surveillance in cricket","volume":"47","author":"Orchard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-103159","article-title":"Injury rates decreased in men\u2019s professional football: An 18-year prospective cohort study of almost 12 000 injuries sustained during 1.8 million hours of play","volume":"55","author":"Ekstrand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mackintosh, C., Griggs, G., and Tate, R. (2020). Understanding the growth in outdoor recreation participation: An opportunity for sport development in the United Kingdom. Creating and Managing a Sustainable Sporting Future, Routledge.","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429354397-5"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2020.89935","article-title":"Methods may matter in injury surveillance: \u201chow\u201d may be more important than \u201cwhat, when or why\u201d","volume":"37","author":"Tabben","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199724030-00002","article-title":"An overview of some definitional issues for sports injury surveillance","volume":"24","author":"Finch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093297","article-title":"Matching the choice of injury\/illness definition to study setting, purpose and design: One size does not fit all!","volume":"48","author":"Clarsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1327-3009","article-title":"Employing Standardised Methods to Compare Injury Risk across Seven Youth Team Sports","volume":"42","author":"Barden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2022.03.006","article-title":"Injury risk is greater in physically mature versus biologically younger male soccer players from academies in different countries","volume":"55","author":"Hall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys. Ther. Sport"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2019-0468","article-title":"Injuries in collegiate ladies gaelic footballers: A 2-season prospective cohort study","volume":"30","author":"Bruce","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sport Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2019.01.018","article-title":"Injury profiles in elite women\u2019s T20 cricket","volume":"22","author":"Warren","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"}],"container-title":["Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2411-5142\/9\/4\/177\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:04:00Z","timestamp":1760112240000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2411-5142\/9\/4\/177"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["jfmk9040177"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jfmk9040177","relation":{},"ISSN":["2411-5142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2411-5142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]}}}