{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T16:27:03Z","timestamp":1780072023069,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey through the Publications Support Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The current study investigates the influence of intersubject variability in ocular characteristics on the mapping of visual field (VF) sites to the pointwise directional angles in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) bundle traces. In addition, the performance efficacy on the mapping of VF sites to the optic nerve head (ONH) was compared to ground truth baselines. Fundus photographs of 546 eyes of 546 healthy subjects (with no history of ocular disease or diabetic retinopathy) were enhanced digitally and RNFL bundle traces were segmented based on the Personalized Estimated Segmentation (PES) algorithm\u2019s core technique. A 24-2 VF grid pattern was overlaid onto the photographs in order to relate VF test points to intersecting RNFL bundles. The PES algorithm effectively traced RNFL bundles in fundus images, achieving an average accuracy of 97.6% relative to the Jansonius map through the application of 10th-order Bezier curves. The PES algorithm assembled an average of 4726 RNFL bundles per fundus image based on 4975 sampling points, obtaining a total of 2,580,505 RNFL bundles based on 2,716,321 sampling points. The influence of ocular parameters could be evaluated for 34 out of 52 VF locations. The ONH-fovea angle and the ONH position in relation to the fovea were the most prominent predictors for variations in the mapping of retinal locations to the pointwise directional angle (p &lt; 0.001). The variation explained by the model (R2 value) ranges from 27.6% for visual field location 15 to 77.8% in location 22, with a mean of 56%. Significant individual variability was found in the mapping of VF sites to the ONH, with a mean standard deviation (95% limit) of 16.55\u00b0 (median 17.68\u00b0) for 50 out of 52 VF locations, ranging from less than 1\u00b0 to 44.05\u00b0. The mean entry angles differed from previous baselines by a range of less than 1\u00b0 to 23.9\u00b0 (average difference of 10.6\u00b0 \u00b1 5.53\u00b0), and RMSE of 11.94.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging12010047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T11:35:27Z","timestamp":1768822527000},"page":"47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Automatic Retinal Nerve Fiber Segmentation and the Influence of Intersubject Variability in Ocular Parameters on the Mapping of Retinal Sites to the Pointwise Orientation Angles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7917-039X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Luj\u00e1n Villarreal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Mecatronica y Biomedica, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Monterrey 64700, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana Leticia","family":"Vera-Tizatl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Mecatronica y Biomedica, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Monterrey 64700, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04252","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.14.04252","article-title":"Global Health Epidemiology Research Group (GHERG). 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