{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:01:44Z","timestamp":1791576104781,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In addition to their recognized value for obtaining 3D digital dental models, intraoral scanners (IOSs) have recently been proven to be promising tools for oral health diagnostics. In this work, the most recent literature on IOSs was reviewed with a focus on their applications as detection systems of oral cavity pathologies. Those applications of IOSs falling in the general area of detection systems for oral health diagnostics (e.g., caries, dental wear, periodontal diseases, oral cancer) were included, while excluding those works mainly focused on 3D dental model reconstruction for implantology, orthodontics, or prosthodontics. Three major scientific databases, namely Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, were searched and explored by three independent reviewers. The synthesis and analysis of the studies was carried out by considering the type and technical features of the IOS, the study objectives, and the specific diagnostic applications. From the synthesis of the twenty-five included studies, the main diagnostic fields where IOS technology applies were highlighted, ranging from the detection of tooth wear and caries to the diagnosis of plaques, periodontal defects, and other complications. This shows how additional diagnostic information can be obtained by combining the IOS technology with other radiographic techniques. Despite some promising results, the clinical evidence regarding the use of IOSs as oral health probes is still limited, and further efforts are needed to validate the diagnostic potential of IOSs over conventional tools.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging9070134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:34:08Z","timestamp":1688344448000},"page":"134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Diagnostic Applications of Intraoral Scanners: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8288-7087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Angelone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1346-515X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso Maria","family":"Ponsiglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7290-6432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Ricciardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8303-5900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Cesarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3556-7771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Sansone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9053-3139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1179\/1465313315Y.0000000001","article-title":"Orthodontic Scanners: What\u2019s available?","volume":"42","author":"Martin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"313","article-title":"Intraoral Digital Impression Technique: A Review","volume":"24","author":"Jian","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"337","article-title":"Intraoral digital scanners","volume":"48","author":"Kravitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mangano, F., Gandolfi, A., Luongo, G., and Logozzo, S. (2017). Intraoral Scanners in dentistry: A review of the current literature. BMC Oral Health, 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-017-0442-x"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2017.10.029","article-title":"Intraoral scan bodies in implant dentistry: A systematic review","volume":"120","author":"Mizumoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-017-0383-4","article-title":"Accuracy of four intraoral scanners in oral implantology: A comparative in vitro study","volume":"17","author":"Imburgia","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"(2023, May 25). Oral Health. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/oral-health."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Bratthall, D., Petersen, P.E., Stjernsw\u00e4rd, J.R., and Brown, L.J. (2006). Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, Oxford University Press. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3983","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2022.23.12.3983","article-title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Screening of Lip and Oral Cavity Cancers or Potentially Malignant Disorders (PMD) by Frontline Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"23","author":"Sulaiman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. APJCP"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"43","article-title":"Oral Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients","volume":"27","author":"Pakfetrat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran. J. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"McKinney, R., and Olmo, H. (2023, March 29). Developmental Disturbances of the Teeth, Anomalies of Shape and Size, StatPearls, Available online: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK574555\/."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"McManus, L.M., and Mitchell, R.N. (2014). Pathobiology of Human Disease, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaves, L.L.V., Lopes Rosado, L.P., Piccolo, S.M., Ferreira, L.M., Kamburoglu, K., Junqueira, R.B., Aquino de Castro, M.A., and Verner, F.S. (2022). Evaluation of the Maxillary Sinus of Patients with Maxillary Posterior Implants: A CBCT Cross-Sectional Study. Diagnostics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12123169"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1465","article-title":"Clinical assessment for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in apparently healthy adults","volume":"12","author":"Walsh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2021.103861","article-title":"Reflected near-infrared light versus bite-wing radiography for the detection of proximal caries: A multicenter prospective clinical study conducted in private practices","volume":"116","author":"Metzger","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2022.103186","article-title":"Non-invasive caries detection and delineation via novel laser-induced fluorescence with hyperspectral imaging","volume":"40","author":"Elbasuney","year":"2022","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"094801","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.28.9.094801","article-title":"Assessment of the activity of secondary caries lesions with short-wavelength infrared, thermal, and optical coherence tomographic imaging","volume":"28","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hausd\u00f6rfer, T., Harms, L., Kanzow, P., and H\u00fclsmann, M. (2023). Three Visual\u2013Diagnostic Methods for the Detection of Enamel Cracks: An In Vitro Study. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12030973"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: Explanation and elaboration","volume":"62","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung, K., Giese-Kraft, K., Fischer, M., Schulze, K., Schlueter, N., and Ganss, C. (2022). Visualization of dental plaque with a 3D-intraoral-scanner\u2014A tool for whole mouth planimetry. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276686"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104215","article-title":"Twenty-four months in vivo wear of enamel antagonists to lithium disilicate implant crowns\u2014A pilot study","volume":"124","author":"Raith","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pa\u0142ka, J., Gawda, J., By\u015b, A., Zawadka, M., and Gawda, P. (2022). Assessment of Growth Changes in the Width of Dental Arches Caused by Removable Appliances over a Period of 10 Months in Children with Malocclusion. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063442"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"49","article-title":"Monitoring erosive tooth wear with intraoral 3D scanner: A feasibility study","volume":"35","author":"Machado","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giese-Kraft, K., Jung, K., Schlueter, N., Vach, K., and Ganss, C. (2022). Detecting and monitoring dental plaque levels with digital 2D and 3D imaging techniques. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263722"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J.-H., Byun, S.-H., Yi, S.-M., Park, I.-Y., Yang, B.-E., and Lee, H.-L. (2022). Efficacy of Constructing Digital Hybrid Skull-Dentition Images Using an Intraoral Scanner and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. Scanning, 2022.","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8221514"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda, V.D.-F., Freire, Y., Fern\u00e1ndez, S.D., Murillo, B.T., and S\u00e1nchez, M.G. (2022). Application of the Intraoral Scanner in the Diagnosis of Dental Wear: An in Vivo Study of Tooth Wear Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19084481"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sobral, A.P.T., Gon\u00e7alves, M.L.L., D\u00b4Annibale, A.S., Santos, E.M., Guedes, C.C., Gallo, J.M.A.S., Ferri, E.P., Moretti, L.A.C., Motta, L.J., and Deana, A.M. (2022). Evaluation of different methods for the diagnosis of primary caries lesions: Study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0273104"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2021.103841","article-title":"Intraoral scanner featuring transillumination for proximal caries detection. An in-vitro validation study on permanent posterior teeth","volume":"116","author":"Michou","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schlenz, M.A., Schupp, B., Schmidt, A., W\u00f6stmann, B., Baresel, I., Kr\u00e4mer, N., and Schulz-Weidner, N. (2022). New Caries Diagnostic Tools in Intraoral Scanners: A Comparative in Vitro Study to Established Methods in Permanent and Primary Teeth. Sensors, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/s22062156"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00fchne, C., Lohbauer, U., Raith, S., and Reich, S. (2021). Measurement of Tooth Wear by Means of Digital Impressions: An In-Vitro Evaluation of Three Intraoral Scanning Systems. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11115161"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bastos, R.T.D.R.M., da Silva, P.T., and Normando, D. (2021). Reliability of qualitative occlusal tooth wear evaluation using an intraoral scanner: A pilot study. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249119"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665620946987","article-title":"The Validation of an Innovative Method for 3D Capture and Analysis of the Nasolabial Region in Cleft Cases","volume":"58","author":"Ayoub","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21276","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00259-w","article-title":"Automated caries detection in vivo using a 3D intraoral scanner","volume":"11","author":"Michou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"(2023, March 29). Intraoral Scanning for Early Dental Erosion Assessment\u2014An In-Vitro Study\u2014Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. Available online: https:\/\/www.rjor.ro\/intraoral-scanning-for-early-dental-erosion-assessment-an-in-vitro-study\/."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1159\/000509925","article-title":"Development of a Fluorescence-Based Caries Scoring System for an Intraoral Scanner: An in Vitro Study","volume":"54","author":"Michou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.322","article-title":"Novel methodology for measuring intraoral wear in enamel and dental restorative materials","volume":"6","author":"Hsu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103467","article-title":"Monitoring of simulated occlusal tooth wear by objective outcome measures","volume":"102","author":"Alwadai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103445","article-title":"Detecting Early Erosive Tooth Wear Using an Intraoral Scanner System","volume":"100","author":"Michou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20190197","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20190197","article-title":"Comparison of CBCT with Different Voxel Sizes and Intraoral Scanner for Detection of Periodontal Defects: An in Vitro Study","volume":"49","author":"Icen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2018.12.005","article-title":"The sensitivity of digital intraoral scanners at measuring early erosive wear","volume":"81","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2022.06.022","article-title":"The threshold of an intra oral scanner to measure lesion depth on natural unpolished teeth","volume":"38","author":"Charalambous","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"076008","article-title":"Wide field of view optical coherence tomography for structural and functional diagnoses in dentistry","volume":"23","author":"Eom","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-017-2198-8","article-title":"Validation of 3D documentation of palatal soft tissue shape, color, and irregularity with intraoral scanning","volume":"22","author":"Deferm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.2319\/021122-128.1","article-title":"Accuracy of three-dimensional printed models derived from cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"92","author":"Ferraro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.04.024","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of impression-free digital models","volume":"144","author":"Akyalcin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-04174-2","article-title":"Clinical study comparing the accuracy of interocclusal records, digitally obtained by three different devices","volume":"26","author":"Fraile","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2018.06.035","article-title":"Conformity, reliability and validity of digital dental models created by clinical intraoral scanning and extraoral plaster model digitization workflows","volume":"100","author":"Kirschneck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davidovich, E., Shay, B., Nuni, E., and Mijiritsky, E. (2020). An Innovative Treatment Approach Using Digital Workflow and CAD-CAM Part 1: The Restoration of Endodontically Treated Molars in Children. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041364"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davidovich, E., Dagon, S., Tamari, I., Etinger, M., and Mijiritsky, E. (2020). An Innovative Treatment Approach Using Digital Workflow and CAD-CAM Part 2: The Restoration of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Children. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051499"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13109","article-title":"Silicone Additive Manufactured Indices Performed from a Virtual Diagnostic Waxing for Direct Composite Diastema Closure Combined with Resin Infiltration Technique on White Spot Lesions: A Case Report","volume":"28","author":"Fountain","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2019.03.014","article-title":"Digital workflow for an esthetic rehabilitation using a facial and intraoral scanner and an additive manufactured silicone index: A dental technique","volume":"123","author":"Raney","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13159","article-title":"Digitally Created 3-Piece Additive Manufactured Index for Direct Esthetic Treatment","volume":"29","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2019.11.019","article-title":"Fabricating a chairside CAD-CAM radiographic and surgical guide for dental implants: A dental technique","volume":"125","author":"DuVall","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13181","article-title":"Managing Excessive Gingival Display Using a Digital Workflow","volume":"29","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"(2023, March 29). Align Technology. Available online: https:\/\/www.aligntech.com\/solutions\/itero_scanner."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"(2023, March 29). 3Shape TRIOS Intraoral Scanners\u2014Compare All Models. Available online: https:\/\/www.3shape.com\/en\/scanners\/trios."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"(2023, March 29). Virtuo VivoTM Intraoral Scanners. Available online: https:\/\/www.straumann.com\/en\/dental-professionals\/products-and-solutions\/cares-digital-solutions\/equipment\/io-scanners\/virtuo-vivo.html."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"101","article-title":"Accuracy of Intraoral Scanners: A Systematic Review of Influencing Factors","volume":"26","author":"Abduo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prosthodont. Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiu, A., Chen, Y.-W., Hayashi, J., and Sadr, A. (2020). Accuracy of CAD\/CAM Digital Impressions with Different Intraoral Scanner Parameters. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20041157"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"11","article-title":"Accuracy of complete- and partial-arch impressions of actual intraoral scanning systems in vitro","volume":"22","author":"Ender","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Dent."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"3","article-title":"An Overview of Digital Intraoral Scanners: Past, Present and Future\u2014From an Orthodontic Perspective","volume":"30","author":"Hwang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Taiwan. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2013.07.017","article-title":"Recent advances in dental optics\u2014Part I: 3D intraoral scanners for restorative dentistry","volume":"54","author":"Logozzo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Opt. Lasers Eng."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s10914-016-9326-0","article-title":"Introducing molaR: A New R Package for Quantitative Topographic Analysis of Teeth (and Other Topographic Surfaces)","volume":"23","author":"Pampush","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mamm. Evol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2019.07.023","article-title":"Investigation into the validity of WearCompare, a purpose-built software to quantify erosive tooth wear progression","volume":"35","author":"Osnes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1067\/mpr.2002.123851","article-title":"Factors affecting enamel and ceramic wear: A literature review","volume":"87","author":"Oh","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-007-0181-5","article-title":"Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE): A new scoring system for scientific and clinical needs","volume":"12","author":"Bartlett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."}],"container-title":["Journal of Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2313-433X\/9\/7\/134\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:04:59Z","timestamp":1760126699000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2313-433X\/9\/7\/134"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["jimaging9070134"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jimaging9070134","relation":{},"ISSN":["2313-433X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2313-433X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]}}}