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Intell."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metaphors and sarcasm are precious fruits of our highly evolved social communication skills. However, children with the condition then known as Asperger syndrome are known to have difficulties in comprehending sarcasm, even if they possess adequate verbal IQs for understanding metaphors. Accordingly, researchers had employed a screening test that assesses metaphor and sarcasm comprehension to distinguish Asperger syndrome from other conditions with similar external behaviors (e.g., attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder). This study employs a standardized test to evaluate recent large language models\u2019 (LLMs) understanding of nuanced human communication. The results indicate improved metaphor comprehension with increased model parameters; however, no similar improvement was observed for sarcasm comprehension. Considering that a human\u2019s ability to grasp sarcasm has been associated with the amygdala, a pivotal cerebral region for emotional learning, a distinctive strategy for training LLMs would be imperative to imbue them with the ability in a cognitively grounded manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jintelligence12070070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T07:57:23Z","timestamp":1721721443000},"page":"70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluating Large Language Models\u2019 Ability Using a Psychiatric Screening Tool Based on Metaphor and Sarcasm Scenarios"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2558-735X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiromu","family":"Yakura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max\u2013Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"177","article-title":"Study of situational recognition of attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorders, Asperger\u2019s disorder and high functioning autism with the metaphor and sarcasm scenario test (MSST)","volume":"38","author":"Adachi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain and Development"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(03)00170-0","article-title":"The metaphor and sarcasm scenario test: A new instrument to help differentiate high functioning pervasive developmental disorder from attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"26","author":"Adachi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain and Development"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Aghazadeh, Ehsan, Fayyaz, Mohsen, and Yaghoobzadeh, Yadollah (, January May). 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