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Intell."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the cognitive profiles of Italian university students with dyslexia using the WAIS-IV, comparing them to peers without specific learning disorders. Seventy-one participants took part: 36 with a diagnosis of dyslexia and 35 matched controls. While dyslexic adults showed lower Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) scores compared to controls, their scores remained within the average range. They showed deficits in Working Memory Index (WMI) and Processing Speed Index (PSI) but performed similarly to controls in Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) and Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI). Significant group differences also emerged in Arithmetic Reasoning, Symbol Search, and Coding subtests. Logistic regression identified WMI and PSI as the most reliable predictors of dyslexia, showing a good predictive value in discriminating between adults with and without dyslexia. Additionally, dyslexic adults displayed lower Cognitive Proficiency Index (CPI) scores relative to their General Ability Index (GAI), and lower FSIQ scores compared to controls. Overall, dyslexic adults exhibit a distinctive cognitive profile with strengths and weaknesses. This pattern can aid in dyslexia diagnosis, particularly in individuals who have compensated through extensive reading experience in a highly regular orthography.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jintelligence13080100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T08:33:06Z","timestamp":1754555586000},"page":"100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["WAIS-IV Cognitive Profiles in Italian University Students with Dyslexia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9165-782X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marika","family":"Iaia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Psychology and Intervention, Department of Experimental Medicine, College ISUFI, University of Salento, Ecotekne, Via per Monteroni s.n., 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9538-3881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Vizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Psychology and Intervention, Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Diletta","family":"Carlino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Psychology and Intervention, Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8806-5655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara Valeria","family":"Marinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Humanities, Letters, Cultural Heritage and Educational Studies, Foggia University, Via Arpi, 155\u2013176, 71121 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Angelelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Psychology and Intervention, Department of Experimental Medicine, College ISUFI, University of Salento, Ecotekne, Via per Monteroni s.n., 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4495-0804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Turi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human and Social Studies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"AA.VV (2025, July 30). 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