{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:10:24Z","timestamp":1791317424432,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Funds through FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P., within the project RISE-Health","award":["UID\/06397\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/06397\/2025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Intell."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study explores the concept of spiritual intelligence from an evolutionary perspective, providing a comprehensive and updated definition. A concept analysis was conducted following Rodgers\u2019 Evolutionary Method, supported by a scoping review in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Studies explicitly addressing spiritual intelligence, regardless of population, setting, or discipline, were included across quantitative, qualitative, mixed-methods, and review designs. Four databases\u2014PsycINFO, PubMed Central, Scopus, and Web of Science\u2014were searched for publications up to 15 December 2025, using the term \u201cspiritual intelligence.\u201d One-hundred-twelve articles met inclusion criteria and were analyzed through narrative synthesis and inductive analytical processing. Spiritual intelligence emerged as a construct encompassing adaptive cognition, higher consciousness, problem management, and personal growth, often referred to as Spiritual Quotient or Existential Intelligence. Antecedents included self and transcendental awareness, existential questioning, and search for meaning and purpose, while consequents comprised enhanced health, performance, self-awareness, and humanitarian orientation. Defining attributes were equanimity, life-wisdom, transcendental awareness, spiritual consciousness, meaning and purpose creation, and existential questioning. This evolutionary analysis traced the concept from theory to application, revealing its positive influence in daily life. Equanimity and life-wisdom were identified as core attributes, highlighting implications for training and integration of spiritual care in professional practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jintelligence14020024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T12:46:11Z","timestamp":1770122771000},"page":"24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spiritual Intelligence: A Scoping Review with Concept Analysis on the Key to Spiritual Care"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4308-4526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Teixeira Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Intrahospital Palliative Care Team, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Entre Douro e Vouga, 4520-211 Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0736-7064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c2ngela","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6626-0380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00facia","family":"Guedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intrahospital Palliative Care Team, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Entre Douro e Vouga, 4520-211 Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1377-9899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"RISE-Health, MEDCIDS\u2014Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9327-5270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"RISE-Health, MEDCIDS\u2014Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23779608251371103","DOI":"10.1177\/23779608251371103","article-title":"Effect of pranayama practice on emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence in nursing students","volume":"11","author":"Abazari","year":"2025","journal-title":"SAGE Open Nursing"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.4103\/ijnmr.IJNMR_39_16","article-title":"Relationship between spiritual intelligence with happiness and fear of childbirth in Iranian pregnant women","volume":"23","author":"Abdollahpour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/teth.12592","article-title":"Fostering spiritual intelligence and a concomitant development of WTC in EFL learners","volume":"24","author":"Abdolrezapour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Teaching Theology and Religion"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afrashteh, M. 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