{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:58:55Z","timestamp":1791489535285,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":183,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,29]],"date-time":"2017-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Intell."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The concept of intelligence encompasses the mental abilities necessary to survival and advancement in any environmental context. Attempts to grasp this multifaceted concept through a relatively simple operationalization have fostered the notion that individual differences in intelligence can often be expressed by a single score. This predominant position has contributed to expect intelligence profiles to remain substantially stable over the course of ontogenetic development and, more generally, across the life-span. These tendencies, however, are biased by the still limited number of empirical reports taking a developmental perspective on intelligence. Viewing intelligence as a dynamic concept, indeed, implies the need to identify full developmental trajectories, to assess how genes, brain, cognition, and environment interact with each other. In the present paper, we describe how a neuroconstructivist approach better explains why intelligence can rise or fall over development, as a result of a fluctuating interaction between the developing system itself and the environmental factors involved at different times across ontogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jintelligence5020018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]],"date-time":"2017-05-02T11:37:20Z","timestamp":1493725040000},"page":"18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Intelligence as a Developing Function: A Neuroconstructivist Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Luca","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy"},{"name":"Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milano 20126, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Karmiloff-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, London WC1E 7HX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Piaget, J. 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