{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T19:33:25Z","timestamp":1774553605456,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMSE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Similar to other industries, the maritime industry is also facing increasing restrictions on ships regarding pollution control. The research presented in this paper is aimed at studying the pros and cons of alternative fuels followed by a detailed analysis on hydrogen fuel cells (PEMFC) for a particular ship operating in Lisbon, Portugal. Dynamic forces acting on the ship have been studied for a year. Assessing various scenarios based on these results aids ship operators in making informed decisions regarding the future course of action for their existing vessels. These different cases are first: business as usual (diesel engine), second: replacing the diesel engine with a hydrogen hybrid system and, third: replacement of the ship with a new hydrogen hybrid ship. The study is based on the simulation of numerical equations and CFD simulation results. As the result, the second scenario is best suited in both aspects; namely, environmental and economic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse11122273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T07:44:42Z","timestamp":1701330282000},"page":"2273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Hydrodynamic Simulation of Green Hydrogen Catamaran Operating in Lisbon, Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Soni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui Costa","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research (IN+), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5284-182X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00facia","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering (CENTEC), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2023.113629","article-title":"Carbon footprint of hydrogen-powered inland shipping: Impacts and hotspots","volume":"185","author":"Evers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. 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