{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:35:57Z","timestamp":1760142957406,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chang Gung Medical Research Program Foundation","award":["CORPG6G0203","CGRPG6L0031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CORPG6G0203","CGRPG6L0031"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Invasive fungal spondylodiscitis (IFSD) is rare and could be lethal in certain circumstances. The previous literature revealed limited data concerning its outcomes. This study aimed to establish a risk-scoring system to predict the one-year mortality rate of this disease. Methods: A total of 53 patients from a multi-centered database in Taiwan were included in this study. All the clinicopathological and laboratory data were retrospectively analyzed. Variables strongly related to one-year mortality were identified using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to express the performance of our IFSD scoring model. Results: Five strong predictors were included in the IFSD score: predisposing immunocompromised state, the initial presentation of either radiculopathy or myelopathy, initial laboratory findings of WBC &gt; 12.0 or &lt;0.4 103\/\u00b5L, hemoglobin &lt; 8 g\/dL, and evidence of candidemia. One-year mortality rates for patients with IFSD scores of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 0%, 16.7%, 56.3%, 72.7%, and 100%, respectively. The area under the curve of the ROC curve was 0.823. Conclusions: We developed a practical scoring model with easily obtained demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters to predict the probability of one-year mortality in patients with IFSD. However, more large-scale and international validations would be necessary before this scoring model is commonly used.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10010061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T07:47:16Z","timestamp":1705045636000},"page":"61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The IFSD Score\u2014A Practical Prognostic Model for Invasive Fungal Spondylodiscitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2541-3656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao-Chun","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5341-7764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Hsueh","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia-Yen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8594-3360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng-Hung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao-Hsu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6485-7597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuo-Tai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1998-5631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsung-Yu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan"},{"name":"Microbiology Research and Treatment Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807008850","article-title":"Epidemiology of vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) in France: Analysis of hospital-discharge data 2002\u20132003","volume":"136","author":"Grammatico","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"527","article-title":"Vertebral osteomyelitis in G\u00f6teborg, Sweden: A retrospective study of patients during 1990\u20131995","volume":"33","author":"Beronius","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2017.01.003","article-title":"Infections of the Spine","volume":"31","author":"Babic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000203451.36522.4c","article-title":"Fungal infections of the spine","volume":"444","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.05.078","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis, and factors associated with inadequate treatment response","volume":"108","author":"Obel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii11","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq303","article-title":"Spondylodiscitis: Update on diagnosis and management","volume":"65","author":"Gouliouris","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200007010-00010","article-title":"Hematogenous pyogenic spinal infections and their surgical management","volume":"25","author":"Hadjipavlou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1086\/318487","article-title":"Candida osteomyelitis and diskitis after spinal surgery: An outbreak that implicates artificial nail use","volume":"32","author":"Parry","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200205000-00005","article-title":"Spinal infections","volume":"10","author":"Tay","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"89","article-title":"Treatment outcomes of fungal vertebral osteomyelitis: A case series study and literature review","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Formos. J. Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2021.06.018","article-title":"Native Vertebral Osteomyelitis in Patients with Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia","volume":"363","author":"Talha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gamaletsou, M.N., Rammaert, B., Brause, B., Bueno, M.A., Dadwal, S.S., Henry, M.W., Katragkou, A., Kontoyiannis, D.P., McCarthy, M.W., and Miller, A.O. (2022). Osteoarticular Mycoses. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 35.","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00086-19"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-36084-8_36","article-title":"Vertebral Candidiasis, the State of the Art: A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"135","author":"Candura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.14245\/ns.2040338.169","article-title":"Spontaneous Vertebral Aspergillosis, the State of Art: A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"18","author":"Perna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurospine"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1000302","article-title":"Fungal Spondylodiscitis: Review","volume":"5","author":"Cobar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Spine"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200104000-00011","article-title":"Fungal infections of the spine. Report of eleven patients with long-term follow-up","volume":"83","author":"Frazier","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E719","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000903","article-title":"Fungal Infections of the Spine","volume":"40","author":"Ganesh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-023-05989-2","article-title":"Candida spondylodiscitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of seventy two studies","volume":"48","author":"Adelhoefer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1086\/323335","article-title":"Defining opportunistic invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients with cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplants: An international consensus","volume":"34","author":"Ascioglu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S285","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780600826707","article-title":"Consensus definitions for invasive fungal disease: Strengths, limitations, and revisions","volume":"44","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1086\/588660","article-title":"Revised definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer\/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC\/MSG) Consensus Group","volume":"46","author":"Walsh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1008","article-title":"Revision and Update of the Consensus Definitions of Invasive Fungal Disease From the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium","volume":"71","author":"Donnelly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2011.630040","article-title":"Impact of the revised (2008) EORTC\/MSG definitions for invasive fungal disease on the rates of diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis","volume":"50","author":"Tsitsikas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e412","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1735800","article-title":"Candida Tropicalis Spondylodiscits in an Immunocompetent Host: A Case Report and Literature Review","volume":"40","author":"Lopes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arq. Bras. Neurocir. Braz. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7525","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000007525","article-title":"Candida vertebral osteomyelitis (CVO) 28 cases from a 10-year retrospective study in France","volume":"96","author":"Richaud","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.08.002","article-title":"Chang Gung Research Database: A multi-institutional database consisting of original medical records","volume":"40","author":"Tsai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4713","article-title":"The Chang Gung Research Database\u2014A multi-institutional electronic medical records database for real-world epidemiological studies in Taiwan","volume":"28","author":"Shao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.2298\/ACI1102185N","article-title":"Preoperative assesment of the immunocompromised patient","volume":"58","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Chir. Iugosl."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1086\/322634","article-title":"Vertebral osteomyelitis due to Candida species: Case report and literature review","volume":"33","author":"Miller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"379","article-title":"Delay in Diagnosis of Vertebral Osteomyelitis Affects the Utility of Cultures","volume":"29","author":"Issa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surg. Technol. Int."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.93693","article-title":"Aspergillus vertebral osteomyelitis in immunocompetent patients","volume":"46","author":"Sethi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian. J. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(20)30362-7","article-title":"Vertebral osteomyelitis","volume":"4","author":"Sapico","year":"1990","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197001222820406","article-title":"Osteomyelitis: A review of clinical features, therapeutic considerations and unusual aspects","volume":"282","author":"Waldvogel","year":"1970","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2006.11.002","article-title":"Suggestions for managing pyogenic (non-tuberculous) discitis in adults","volume":"74","author":"Grados","year":"2007","journal-title":"Jt. Bone Spine"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E316","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000294","article-title":"Vertebral Osteomyelitis and Spinal Epidural Abscess: An Evidence-based Review","volume":"28","author":"Boody","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Spinal Disord. Tech."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-13-00102","article-title":"Bacterial Spine Infections in Adults: Evaluation and Management","volume":"24","author":"Cornett","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2007.054296","article-title":"Value of CT-guided biopsy in the diagnosis of septic discitis","volume":"61","author":"Enoch","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.218.1.r01ja06211","article-title":"Diagnostic yield of CT-guided percutaneous aspiration procedures in suspected spontaneous infectious diskitis","volume":"218","author":"Chew","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Visocchi, M. (2019). Extensive Spinal Epidural Abscesses Resolved with Minimally Invasive Surgery: Two Case Reports and Review of the Recent Literature, in New Trends in Craniovertebral Junction Surgery: Experimental and Clinical Updates for a New State of Art, Springer International Publishing."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)30211-X","article-title":"The radiology of osteomyelitis","volume":"14","author":"Gaines","year":"1983","journal-title":"Orthop. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.142.1.159","article-title":"CT of osteomyelitis of the spine","volume":"142","author":"Golimbu","year":"1984","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2012.04.001","article-title":"Imaging of spine infection","volume":"50","author":"Diehn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0910753","article-title":"Clinical practice. Vertebral osteomyelitis","volume":"362","author":"Zimmerli","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.11.017","article-title":"MR and CT Imaging to Optimize CT-Guided Biopsies in Suspected Spondylodiscitis","volume":"99","author":"Foreman","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90154-9","article-title":"Candida osteomyelitis. Report of five cases and review of the literature","volume":"82","author":"Gathe","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"20","article-title":"The role of nuclear medicine in the diagnosis of spondylodiscitis","volume":"16","author":"Treglia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.3109\/02841859909175570","article-title":"CT-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of spinal lesions","volume":"40","author":"Kang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)32048-4","article-title":"Spinal infections in the immunocompromised host","volume":"27","author":"Broner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Orthop. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-019-01294-6","article-title":"Vertebral osteomyelitis due to Candida species","volume":"47","author":"McLeod","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.01.003","article-title":"A rare case of Candida glabrata spondylodiscitis: Case report and literature review","volume":"68","author":"Gagliano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32S","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.10062","article-title":"Candida glabrata spondylodiscitis: A case report","volume":"12","author":"Younes","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Ctries."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-011-1442-0","article-title":"Postoperative spondilodiscitis","volume":"36","author":"Gerometta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199611000-00026","article-title":"Musculoskeletal coccidioidomycosis. A review of 25 cases","volume":"332","author":"Kushwaha","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199106000-00027","article-title":"Vertebral Candida infections. A case report and review of the literature","volume":"267","author":"Almekinders","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(89)80392-4","article-title":"Risk factors for nosocomial candidemia: A case-control study in adults without leukemia","volume":"87","author":"Bross","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"381","article-title":"Fungal spinal osteomyelitis in the immunocompromised patient: MR findings in three cases","volume":"20","author":"Williams","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200012010-00022","article-title":"Aspergillus osteomyelitis after liver transplantation: Conservative or surgical treatment?","volume":"12","author":"Tang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C., Zhang, L., Zhang, H., Xu, D., and Ma, X. (2022). Sequential endoscopic and robot-assisted surgical solutions for a rare fungal spondylodiscitis, secondary lumbar spinal stenosis, and subsequent discal pseudocyst causing acute cauda equina syndrome: A case report. BMC Surg., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-022-01493-3"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"599","article-title":"Aspergillosis with Aspergillus osteomyelitis and diskitis after heart transplantation: Surgical and medical management","volume":"12","author":"Hummel","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transpl."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1086\/313749","article-title":"Practice guidelines for the treatment of candidiasis. Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"30","author":"Rex","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31827e83af","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign: International guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012","volume":"41","author":"Dellinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-6958-7-47","article-title":"C-reactive protein as a predictor of mortality in patients affected with severe sepsis in intensive care unit","volume":"7","author":"Devran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Multidiscip. Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"WHO (2011). Hemoglobin Concentrations for the Diagnosis of Anemia and Assessment of Severity, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.21209","article-title":"Receiver operating characteristic curve: Overview and practical use for clinicians","volume":"75","author":"Nahm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Korean J. Anesth."}],"container-title":["Journal of Fungi"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/10\/1\/61\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:45:35Z","timestamp":1760103935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/10\/1\/61"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["jof10010061"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof10010061","relation":{},"ISSN":["2309-608X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2309-608X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]}}}