{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:22:40Z","timestamp":1790774560215,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Histoplasma capsulatum, the etiological agent for histoplasmosis, is a dimorphic fungus that grows as a mold in the environment and as a yeast in human tissues. It has a broad global distribution with shifting epidemiology during recent decades. While in immunocompetent individuals infection is usually self-resolving, solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of symptomatic disease with dissemination to extrapulmonary tissue. Diagnosis of histoplasmosis relies on direct observation of the pathogen (histopathology, cytopathology, and culture) or detection of antigens, antibodies, or nucleic acids. All transplant recipients with histoplasmosis warrant therapy, though the agent of choice and duration of therapy depends on the severity of disease. In the present article, we describe the pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations and management of histoplasmosis in solid organ transplant recipients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10020124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T03:28:29Z","timestamp":1707103709000},"page":"124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Histoplasmosis in Solid Organ Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8531-3537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Barros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"},{"name":"Miravista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN 46241, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. Joseph","family":"Wheat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miravista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN 46241, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teixeira Mde, M., Patane, J.S., Taylor, M.L., Gomez, B.L., Theodoro, R.C., de Hoog, S., Engelthaler, D.M., Zancope-Oliveira, R.M., Felipe, M.S., and Barker, B.M. (2016). Worldwide Phylogenetic Distributions and Population Dynamics of the Genus Histoplasma. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004732"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ocansey, B.K., Kosmidis, C., Agyei, M., Dorkenoo, A.M., Ayanlowo, O.O., Oladele, R.O., Darre, T., and Denning, D.W. (2022). Histoplasmosis in Africa: Current perspectives, knowledge gaps, and research priorities. PLoS Negl. Trop. 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