{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T15:49:46Z","timestamp":1792252186095,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,4]],"date-time":"2024-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013209","name":"Hellenic Foundation for Research &amp; Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HFRI-FM17-1839"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HFRI-FM17-1839"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013209","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cunninghamella elegans NRRL-1393 is an oleaginous fungus able to synthesize and accumulate unsaturated fatty acids, amongst which the bioactive gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) has potential anti-cancer activities. C. elegans was cultured in shake-flask nitrogen-limited media with either glycerol or glucose (both at \u224860 g\/L) employed as the sole substrate. The assimilation rate of both substrates was similar, as the total biomass production reached 13.0\u201313.5 g\/L, c. 350 h after inoculation (for both instances, c. 27\u201329 g\/L of substrate were consumed). Lipid production was slightly higher on glycerol-based media, compared to the growth on glucose (\u22488.4 g\/L vs. \u22487.0 g\/L). Lipids from C. elegans grown on glycerol, containing c. 9.5% w\/w of GLA, were transformed into fatty acid lithium salts (FALS), and their effects were assessed on both human normal and cancerous cell lines. The FALS exhibited cytotoxic effects within a 48 h interval with an IC50 of about 60 \u03bcg\/mL. Additionally, a suppression of migration was shown, as a significant elevation of oxidative stress levels, and the induction of cell death. Elementary differences between normal and cancer cells were not shown, indicating a generic mode of action; however, oxidative stress level augmentation may increase susceptibility to anticancer drugs, improving chemotherapy effectiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10020130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T03:28:29Z","timestamp":1707103709000},"page":"130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) from Cunninghamella elegans Grown on Glycerol Induce Cell Death and Increase Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7096-6957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Kalampounias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1590-688X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chrysavgi","family":"Gardeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spyridon","family":"Alexis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Division, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Anagnostopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1782-2225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theodosia","family":"Androutsopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Dritsas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Microbiology, Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1200-5592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Aggelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Microbiology, Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seraphim","family":"Papanikolaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Katsoris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2164(02)51000-5","article-title":"The biochemistry and molecular biology of lipid accumulation in oleaginous microorganisms","volume":"Volume 51","author":"Ratledge","year":"2002","journal-title":"Advances in Applied Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2015.09.005","article-title":"Microbial oils as food additives: Recent approaches for improving microbial oil production and its polyunsaturated fatty acid content","volume":"37","author":"Bellou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. 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