{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:20:33Z","timestamp":1791645633468,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Astellas Pharmaceuticals, Inc."},{"name":"Save Our Sick Kid Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vascular catheter-related infections, primarily caused by Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis, pose significant challenges due to the formation of biofilms on catheters, leading to refractory disease and considerable morbidity. We studied the efficacy of micafungin in systemic and lock therapies to eliminate catheter-based biofilms and deep tissue infections in experimental central venous catheter (CVC)-related candidemia in neutropenic rabbits. Silastic CVCs in rabbits were inoculated with 1 \u00d7 103 CFU\/mL of C. albicans or C. parapsilosis, establishing catheter-based biofilm, and subjected to various treatments. Neutropenic rabbits treated with a combination of lock therapy and systemic micafungin demonstrated the most significant reduction in fungal burden, from 5.0 \u00d7 104 to 1.8 \u00d7 102 CFU\/mL of C. albicans and from 5.9 \u00d7 104 to 2.7 \u00d7 102 CFU\/mL of C. parapsilosis (p \u2264 0.001), in the CVC after 24 h, with full clearance of blood cultures after 72 h from treatment initiation. The combination of lock and systemic micafungin therapy achieved eradication of C. albicans from all studied tissues (0.0 \u00b1 0.0 log CFU\/g) vs. untreated controls (liver 7.5 \u00b1 0.22, spleen 8.3 \u00b1 0.25, kidney 8.6 \u00b1 0.07, cerebrum 6.3 \u00b1 0.31, vena cava 6.6 \u00b1 0.29, and CVC wash 2.3 \u00b1 0.68 log CFU\/g) (p \u2264 0.001). Rabbits treated with a combination of lock and systemic micafungin therapy demonstrated a \u22652 log reduction in C. parapsilosis in all treated tissues (p \u2264 0.05) except kidney. Serum (1\u21923)-\u03b2-D-glucan levels demonstrated significant decreases in response to treatment. The study demonstrates that combining systemic and lock therapies with micafungin effectively eradicates catheter-based biofilms and infections caused by C. albicans or C. parapsilosis, particularly in persistently neutropenic conditions, offering promising implications for managing vascular catheter-related candidemia and providing clinical benefits in cases where catheter removal is not feasible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10040293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T08:22:44Z","timestamp":1713342164000},"page":"293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Combination of Systemic and Lock-Therapies with Micafungin Eradicate Catheter-Based Biofilms and Infections Caused by Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis in Neutropenic Rabbit Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3269-8058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruta","family":"Petraitiene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6811-4467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vidmantas","family":"Petraitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myo H.","family":"Zaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA"},{"name":"Sutter Health Memorial Medical Center, 1700 Coffee Rd., Modesto, CA 95355, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiser","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston Radiology Associated, 6565 Fannin St. #268, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8917-4810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo J.","family":"Ricart Arbona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY 10021, USA"},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0202-364X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuel","family":"Roilides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, Konstantinoupoleos 49, GR-54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Richmond, VA 23220, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12039","article-title":"ESCMID guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: Non-neutropenic adult patients","volume":"18","author":"Cornely","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. 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