{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T13:41:32Z","timestamp":1765806092242,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on fungal metabolism has not been well studied. This study aimed to evaluate, by metabolomics, the impact of DMSO on the central carbon metabolism of Candida albicans. Biofilms of C. albicans SC5314 were grown on paper discs, using minimum mineral (MM) medium, in a dynamic continuous flow system. The two experimental conditions were control and 0.03% DMSO (v\/v). After 72 h of incubation (37 \u00b0C), the biofilms were collected and the metabolites were extracted. The extracted metabolites were subjected to gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\/MS). The experiment was conducted using five replicates on three independent occasions. The GC\/MS analysis identified 88 compounds. Among the 88 compounds, the levels of 27 compounds were markedly different between the two groups. The DMSO group exhibited enhanced levels of putrescine and glutathione and decreased levels of methionine and lysine. Additionally, the DMSO group exhibited alterations in 13 metabolic pathways involved in primary and secondary cellular metabolism. Among the 13 altered pathways, seven were downregulated and six were upregulated in the DMSO group. These results indicated a differential intracellular metabolic profile between the untreated and DMSO-treated biofilms. Hence, DMSO was demonstrated to affect the metabolic pathways of C. albicans. These results suggest that DMSO may influence the results of laboratory tests when it is used as a solvent. Hence, the use of DMSO as a solvent must be carefully considered in drug research, as the effect of the researched drugs may not be reliably translated into clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10050337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T12:27:11Z","timestamp":1715171231000},"page":"337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Central Carbon Metabolism in Candida albicans Biofilms Is Altered by Dimethyl Sulfoxide"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Maria Fernanda Cordeiro","family":"Arruda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program on Dentistry, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romeu Cassiano Pucci","family":"da Silva Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program on Dentistry, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5570-8036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoly Subtil","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program on Animal Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosimeire Takaki","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xenobiotics Research Unit, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia Maria","family":"Stuelp-Campelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xenobiotics Research Unit, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4634-6624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Fernando","family":"Bianchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xenobiotics Research Unit, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silas Granato","family":"Villas-B\u00f4as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6087-4365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edvaldo Antonio Ribeiro","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program on Dentistry, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program on Animal Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil"},{"name":"Xenobiotics Research Unit, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"CDC\u2014Centers for Disease Controls and Prevention (2021, December 10). 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