{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T14:16:29Z","timestamp":1772460989220,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["PID2021-126067NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-126067NB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["CPP2021-008552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPP2021-008552"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["PCI2022-135066-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCI2022-135066-2"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["PDC2022-133266-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDC2022-133266-I00"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["PRE2019-088193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRE2019-088193"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["SGR01551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGR01551"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["ERC-2016-724173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC-2016-724173"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["GBMF9742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GBMF9742"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["LCF\/PR\/HR21\/00737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LCF\/PR\/HR21\/00737"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["IMPACT Grant IMP\/00019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMPACT Grant IMP\/00019"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00061-ISCIII-SGEFI\/ERDF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00061-ISCIII-SGEFI\/ERDF"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["1UAE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1UAE2020"]}]},{"name":"Catalan Research Agency (AGAUR)","award":["PID2021-126067NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-126067NB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Catalan Research Agency (AGAUR)","award":["CPP2021-008552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPP2021-008552"]}]},{"name":"Catalan Research Agency (AGAUR)","award":["PCI2022-135066-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCI2022-135066-2"]}]},{"name":"Catalan Research Agency (AGAUR)","award":["PDC2022-133266-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDC2022-133266-I00"]}]},{"name":"Catalan Research Agency (AGAUR)","award":["PRE2019-088193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRE2019-088193"]}]},{"name":"Catalan Research Agency (AGAUR)","award":["SGR01551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGR01551"]}]},{"name":"Catalan Research Agency (AGAUR)","award":["ERC-2016-724173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC-2016-724173"]}]},{"name":"Catalan Research Agency (AGAUR)","award":["GBMF9742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GBMF9742"]}]},{"name":"Catalan Research Agency (AGAUR)","award":["LCF\/PR\/HR21\/00737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LCF\/PR\/HR21\/00737"]}]},{"name":"Catalan Research Agency (AGAUR)","award":["IMPACT Grant IMP\/00019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMPACT Grant IMP\/00019"]}]},{"name":"Catalan Research Agency (AGAUR)","award":["CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00061-ISCIII-SGEFI\/ERDF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00061-ISCIII-SGEFI\/ERDF"]}]},{"name":"Catalan Research Agency (AGAUR)","award":["1UAE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1UAE2020"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["PID2021-126067NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-126067NB-I00"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["CPP2021-008552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPP2021-008552"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["PCI2022-135066-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCI2022-135066-2"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["PDC2022-133266-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDC2022-133266-I00"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["PRE2019-088193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRE2019-088193"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["SGR01551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGR01551"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["ERC-2016-724173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC-2016-724173"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["GBMF9742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GBMF9742"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["LCF\/PR\/HR21\/00737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LCF\/PR\/HR21\/00737"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["IMPACT Grant IMP\/00019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMPACT Grant IMP\/00019"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00061-ISCIII-SGEFI\/ERDF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00061-ISCIII-SGEFI\/ERDF"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["1UAE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1UAE2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000936","name":"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2021-126067NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-126067NB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000936","name":"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CPP2021-008552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPP2021-008552"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000936","name":"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PCI2022-135066-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCI2022-135066-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000936","name":"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PDC2022-133266-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDC2022-133266-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000936","name":"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRE2019-088193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRE2019-088193"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000936","name":"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SGR01551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGR01551"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000936","name":"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERC-2016-724173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC-2016-724173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000936","name":"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GBMF9742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GBMF9742"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000936","name":"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LCF\/PR\/HR21\/00737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LCF\/PR\/HR21\/00737"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000936","name":"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IMPACT Grant IMP\/00019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMPACT Grant IMP\/00019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000936","name":"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00061-ISCIII-SGEFI\/ERDF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00061-ISCIII-SGEFI\/ERDF"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000936","name":"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1UAE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1UAE2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"\u201cLa Caixa\u201d foundation","award":["PID2021-126067NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-126067NB-I00"]}]},{"name":"\u201cLa Caixa\u201d foundation","award":["CPP2021-008552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPP2021-008552"]}]},{"name":"\u201cLa Caixa\u201d foundation","award":["PCI2022-135066-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCI2022-135066-2"]}]},{"name":"\u201cLa Caixa\u201d foundation","award":["PDC2022-133266-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDC2022-133266-I00"]}]},{"name":"\u201cLa Caixa\u201d foundation","award":["PRE2019-088193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRE2019-088193"]}]},{"name":"\u201cLa Caixa\u201d foundation","award":["SGR01551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGR01551"]}]},{"name":"\u201cLa Caixa\u201d foundation","award":["ERC-2016-724173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC-2016-724173"]}]},{"name":"\u201cLa Caixa\u201d foundation","award":["GBMF9742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GBMF9742"]}]},{"name":"\u201cLa Caixa\u201d foundation","award":["LCF\/PR\/HR21\/00737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LCF\/PR\/HR21\/00737"]}]},{"name":"\u201cLa Caixa\u201d foundation","award":["IMPACT Grant IMP\/00019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMPACT Grant IMP\/00019"]}]},{"name":"\u201cLa Caixa\u201d foundation","award":["CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00061-ISCIII-SGEFI\/ERDF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00061-ISCIII-SGEFI\/ERDF"]}]},{"name":"\u201cLa Caixa\u201d foundation","award":["1UAE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1UAE2020"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["PID2021-126067NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-126067NB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["CPP2021-008552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPP2021-008552"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["PCI2022-135066-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCI2022-135066-2"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["PDC2022-133266-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDC2022-133266-I00"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["PRE2019-088193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRE2019-088193"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["SGR01551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGR01551"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["ERC-2016-724173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC-2016-724173"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["GBMF9742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GBMF9742"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["LCF\/PR\/HR21\/00737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LCF\/PR\/HR21\/00737"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["IMPACT Grant IMP\/00019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMPACT Grant IMP\/00019"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00061-ISCIII-SGEFI\/ERDF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00061-ISCIII-SGEFI\/ERDF"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["1UAE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1UAE2020"]}]},{"name":"National Center for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST)","award":["PID2021-126067NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-126067NB-I00"]}]},{"name":"National Center for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST)","award":["CPP2021-008552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPP2021-008552"]}]},{"name":"National Center for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST)","award":["PCI2022-135066-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCI2022-135066-2"]}]},{"name":"National Center for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST)","award":["PDC2022-133266-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDC2022-133266-I00"]}]},{"name":"National Center for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST)","award":["PRE2019-088193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRE2019-088193"]}]},{"name":"National Center for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST)","award":["SGR01551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGR01551"]}]},{"name":"National Center for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST)","award":["ERC-2016-724173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC-2016-724173"]}]},{"name":"National Center for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST)","award":["GBMF9742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GBMF9742"]}]},{"name":"National Center for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST)","award":["LCF\/PR\/HR21\/00737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LCF\/PR\/HR21\/00737"]}]},{"name":"National Center for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST)","award":["IMPACT Grant IMP\/00019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMPACT Grant IMP\/00019"]}]},{"name":"National Center for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST)","award":["CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00061-ISCIII-SGEFI\/ERDF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00061-ISCIII-SGEFI\/ERDF"]}]},{"name":"National Center for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST)","award":["1UAE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1UAE2020"]}]},{"name":"Erasmus+ KA107 mobility program","award":["PID2021-126067NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-126067NB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Erasmus+ KA107 mobility program","award":["CPP2021-008552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPP2021-008552"]}]},{"name":"Erasmus+ KA107 mobility program","award":["PCI2022-135066-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCI2022-135066-2"]}]},{"name":"Erasmus+ KA107 mobility program","award":["PDC2022-133266-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDC2022-133266-I00"]}]},{"name":"Erasmus+ KA107 mobility program","award":["PRE2019-088193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRE2019-088193"]}]},{"name":"Erasmus+ KA107 mobility program","award":["SGR01551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGR01551"]}]},{"name":"Erasmus+ KA107 mobility program","award":["ERC-2016-724173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC-2016-724173"]}]},{"name":"Erasmus+ KA107 mobility program","award":["GBMF9742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GBMF9742"]}]},{"name":"Erasmus+ KA107 mobility program","award":["LCF\/PR\/HR21\/00737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LCF\/PR\/HR21\/00737"]}]},{"name":"Erasmus+ KA107 mobility program","award":["IMPACT Grant IMP\/00019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMPACT Grant IMP\/00019"]}]},{"name":"Erasmus+ KA107 mobility program","award":["CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00061-ISCIII-SGEFI\/ERDF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00061-ISCIII-SGEFI\/ERDF"]}]},{"name":"Erasmus+ KA107 mobility program","award":["1UAE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1UAE2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The incidence of Candida infections has increased in the last decade, posing a serious threat to public health. Appropriately facing this challenge requires precise epidemiological data on species and antimicrobial resistance incidence, but many countries lack appropriate surveillance programs. This study aims to bridge this gap for Morocco by identifying and phenotyping a year-long collection of clinical isolates (n = 93) from four clinics in Tetouan. We compared the current standard in species identification with molecular methods and assessed susceptibility to fluconazole and anidulafungin. Our results identified limitations in currently used diagnostics approaches, and revealed that C. albicans ranks as the most prevalent species with 60 strains (64.52%), followed by C. glabrata with 14 (15.05%), C. parapsilosis with 6 (6.45%), and C. tropicalis with 4 (4.30%). In addition, we report the first identification of C. metapsilosis in Morocco. Susceptibility results for fluconazole revealed that some isolates were approaching MICs resistance breakpoints in C. albicans (2), and C. glabrata (1). Our study also identified anidulafungin resistant strains in C. albicans (1), C. tropicalis (1), and C. krusei (2), rendering the two strains from the latter species multidrug-resistant due to their innate resistance to fluconazole. These results raise concerns about species identification and antifungal resistance in Morocco and highlight the urgent need for more accurate methods and preventive strategies to combat fungal infections in the country.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10060373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T09:04:25Z","timestamp":1716455065000},"page":"373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Assessing Diagnosis of Candida Infections: A Study on Species Prevalence and Antifungal Resistance in Northern Morocco"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4329-7278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Islam","family":"Ahaik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie et Microbiologie Appliqu\u00e9es et Biotechnologies, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 Abdelmalek Essa\u00e2di, T\u00e9touan 93000, Morocco"},{"name":"Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7529-1039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Nunez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS), Pla\u00e7a Eusebi G\u00fcell, 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0809-3785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamal","family":"Abrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie et Microbiologie Appliqu\u00e9es et Biotechnologies, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 Abdelmalek Essa\u00e2di, T\u00e9touan 93000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2926-5304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samira","family":"Bouhdid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie et Microbiologie Appliqu\u00e9es et Biotechnologies, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 Abdelmalek Essa\u00e2di, T\u00e9touan 93000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0019-1735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toni","family":"Gabald\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS), Pla\u00e7a Eusebi G\u00fcell, 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022). WHO Fungal Priority Pathogens List to Guide Research, Development and Public Health Action."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e269","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00103-8","article-title":"Global Incidence and Mortality of Severe Fungal Disease","volume":"24","author":"Denning","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arastehfar, A., Carvalho, A., Hong Nguyen, M., Hedayati, M.T., Netea, M.G., Perlin, D.S., and Hoenigl, M. (2020). COVID-19-Associated Candidiasis (Cac): An Underestimated Complication in the Absence of Immunological Predispositions?. J. Fungi, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040211"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fow064","DOI":"10.1093\/femsyr\/fow064","article-title":"Evolutionary Genomics of Yeast Pathogens in the Saccharomycotina","volume":"16","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a019778","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a019778","article-title":"The Candida Pathogenic Species Complex","volume":"4","author":"Turner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du, H., Bing, J., Hu, T., Ennis, C.L., Nobile, C.J., and Huang, G. (2020). Candida auris: Epidemiology, biology, antifungal Resistance, and virulence. PLoS Pathog., 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008921"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lmimouni, B.E., Hennequin, C., Penney, R.O.S., and Denning, D.W. (2022). Estimated Incidence and Prevalence of Serious Fungal Infections in Morocco. J. Fungi, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8040414"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuz015","article-title":"Recent Trends in Molecular Diagnostics of Yeast Infections: From PCR to NGS","volume":"43","author":"Arastehfar","year":"2019","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arastehfar, A., Wickes, B.L., Ilkit, M., Pincus, D.H., Daneshnia, F., Pan, W., Fang, W., and Boekhout, T. (2019). Identification of Mycoses in Developing Countries. J. Fungi, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5040090"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-020-00800-y","article-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance Preparedness in Sub-Saharan African Countries","volume":"9","author":"Elton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"9","article-title":"Epidemiological Profile of Funguria in Mohammed VI University Hospital in Oujda, Morocco","volume":"6","author":"Maleb","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"167","article-title":"Candidoses vaginales \u00e0 Casablanca: Implication des Esp\u00e8ces non albicans et particularit\u00e9s \u00e9tiologiques","volume":"10","author":"Sdoudi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.53771\/ijlsra.2023.4.1.0042","article-title":"Candidemia diagnosed within the Hassan II University Hospital in Fez","volume":"4","author":"Lemhouer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Life Sci. Res. Arch."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2007.03.003","article-title":"Premi\u00e8re Identification de Candida dubliniensis au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Rochd de Casablanca (Maroc)","volume":"17","author":"Essari","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Mycol. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.4.1157-1159.1998","article-title":"Chromogenic Tube Test for presumptive identification or confirmation of isolates as Candida albicans","volume":"36","author":"Merlino","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0307.12582","article-title":"Biochemical Characteristics, Virulence Traits and Antifungal Resistance of Two Major Yeast Species Isolated from Kefir: Kluyveromyces marxianus and Saccharomyces unisporus","volume":"72","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Dairy Technol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2011.00278.x","article-title":"Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis: Biology, Epidemiology, Pathogenicity and Antifungal Resistance","volume":"36","author":"Silva","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zuza-Alves, D.L., Silva-Rocha, W.P., and Chaves, G.M. (2017). An Update on Candida tropicalis Based on Basic and Clinical Approaches. Front. Microbiol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01927"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2017.04.105","article-title":"Identification of Candida Species in Vaginal Flora Using Conventional and Molecular Methods","volume":"27","author":"Ameen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mycol. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01872.x","article-title":"Efficacy of Chromogenic Candida Agar for Isolation and Presumptive Identification of Pathogenic Yeast Species","volume":"14","author":"Ghelardi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hospenthal, D.R., Beckius, M.L., Floyd, K.L., Horvath, L.L., and Murray, C.K. (2006). Presumptive Identification of Candida Species Other than C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis with the Chromogenic Medium CHROMagar Candida. Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob., 5.","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-5-1"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mix\u00e3o, V., Nunez-Rodriguez, J.C., del Olmo, V., Ksiezopolska, E., Saus, E., Boekhout, T., Gacser, A., and Gabald\u00f3n, T. (2023). Evolution of Loss of Heterozygosity Patterns in Hybrid Genomes of Candida Yeast Pathogens. BMC Biol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-023-01608-z"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2011.03.003","article-title":"Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in the Military Teaching Hospital Mohammed the Fifth (Morocco)","volume":"21","author":"Benchellal","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mycol. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"O245","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12380","article-title":"Epidemiology and Predictive Factors for Early and Late Mortality in Candida Bloodstream Infections: A Population-Based Surveillance in Spain","volume":"20","author":"Padilla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-014-2194-8","article-title":"Species Distribution and in Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles of Yeast Isolates from Invasive Infections during a Portuguese Multicenter Survey","volume":"33","author":"Ricardo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-016-2841-3","article-title":"Epidemiology and Reporting of Candidaemia in Belgium: A Multi-Centre Study","volume":"36","author":"Blot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2005.10.004","article-title":"Traitement Antifongique Des Candidoses Syst\u00e9miques En R\u00e9animation","volume":"16","author":"Kettani","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Mycol. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-016-0554-5","article-title":"Azole Resistance in Candida glabrata","volume":"18","author":"Whaley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5846","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.12.5846-5848.2004","article-title":"Comparison of Antifungal Susceptibilities to Fluconazole and Voriconazole of Oral Candida Glabrata Isolates from Head and Neck Radiation Patients","volume":"42","author":"Burn","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jean, S.-S., Yang, H.-J., Hsieh, P.-C., Huang, Y.-T., Ko, W.-C., and Hsueh, P.-R. (2022). In Vitro Susceptibilities of Worldwide Isolates of Intrapulmonary Aspergillus Species and Important Candida Species in Sterile Body Sites against Important Antifungals: Data from the Antimicrobial Testing Leadership and Surveillance Program, 2017\u20132020. Microbiol Spectr, 10.","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02965-22"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/49.suppl_1.37","article-title":"Amphotericin B Nephrotoxicity","volume":"49","author":"Deray","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw325","article-title":"Global Access to Antifungal Therapy and Its Variable Cost","volume":"71","author":"Kneale","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"90","article-title":"Epidemiology of Nosocomial Fungal Infections in the National Center for Burns in Casablanca, Morocco","volume":"29","author":"Rafik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Burn. Fire Disasters"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2017.04.061","article-title":"Les Candid\u00e9mies Au CHU Ibn Rochd de Casablanca (Maroc)","volume":"27","author":"Abid","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mycol. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"130","article-title":"Antifungal Agents: Mode of Action in Yeast Cells","volume":"19","author":"Giusiano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Quimioter."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.4.5.807","article-title":"Caspofungin: First Approved Agent in a New Class of Antifungals","volume":"4","author":"Johnson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Expert Opin."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S612","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ791","article-title":"Echinocandin Resistance in Candida","volume":"61","author":"Perlin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02117-09","article-title":"Results from the Artemis Disk Global Antifungal Surveillance Study, 1997 to 2007: A 10.5-Year Analysis of Susceptibilities of Candida Species to Fluconazole and Voriconazole as Determined by CLSI Standardized Disk Diffusion","volume":"48","author":"Pfaller","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S79","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy358","article-title":"Twenty Years of the SENTRY Antifungal Surveillance Program: Results for Candida Species from 1997\u20132016","volume":"6","author":"Pfaller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023, October 31). Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS): Early Implementation Protocol for Inclusion of Candida Spp., Available online: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/326926\/WHO-WSI-AMR-2019.4-eng.pdf."}],"container-title":["Journal of Fungi"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/10\/6\/373\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:47:05Z","timestamp":1760107625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/10\/6\/373"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["jof10060373"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof10060373","relation":{},"ISSN":["2309-608X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2309-608X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]}}}