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Resistance to conventional antifungal drugs and the toxicity associated with high doses highlight the need for effective antifungal therapies. In this study, the antifungal potential of the ethanolic extract of Anacardium occidentale (Cashew Leaf) leaves were evaluated against Candida albicans and C. auris. The antifungal activity was tested by the broth microdilution method and growth kinetic test. To further explore its antifungal action mode, spectrofluorophotometry, confocal microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy were performed. Additionally, heterozygous knockout strains associated with resistance to oxidative stress were included in the study. We found that A. occidentale could inhibit the proliferation and growth of C. albicans at concentrations of 62.5 and 125 \u03bcg\/mL. The doubling time was also drastically affected, going from 2.8 h to 22.5 h, which was also observed in C. auris. The extract induced the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, while it did not show cytotoxicity or hemolytic activity at the concentrations evaluated. Our work preliminarily elucidated the potential mechanisms of A. occidentale against C. albicans on a cellular level, and might provide a promising option for the design of a new treatment for invasive candidiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10070464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T10:14:46Z","timestamp":1719828886000},"page":"464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Unmasking the Antifungal Activity of Anacardium occidentale Leaf Extract against Candida albicans"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2348-4792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis F.","family":"Quejada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Prote\u00f3mica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, 110231 Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea X.","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Fitoqu\u00edmica Universidad Javeriana (GIFUJ), Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, 110231 Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1422-5545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis C.","family":"Chitiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Fitoqu\u00edmica Universidad Javeriana (GIFUJ), Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, 110231 Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6855-0770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia P.","family":"Bravo-Chaucan\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Prote\u00f3mica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, 110231 Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4788-8150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yerly","family":"Vargas-Casanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Prote\u00f3mica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, 110231 Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8218-834X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robson X.","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2449-1986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geison M.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Fitoqu\u00edmica Universidad Javeriana (GIFUJ), Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, 110231 Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia M.","family":"Parra-Giraldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Prote\u00f3mica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, 110231 Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"},{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ram\u00f3n y Caja S\/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e383","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30316-X","article-title":"The Global Problem of Antifungal Resistance: Prevalence, Mechanisms, and Management","volume":"17","author":"Perlin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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